语法点：宾语从句 that / whether (Noun Clauses)
宾语从句是放在动词后面、充当宾语的一个完整句子。当我们想说"我认为……""他假装……""她告诉我……是否……"时，就要用宾语从句。陈述性的内容用 that 引导（口语中 that 常省略）；表示"是否"的疑问内容用 whether 或 if 引导；特殊疑问的内容用 what / where / why 等疑问词引导。宾语从句最重要的规则是：从句必须用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。本课作者用 pretend that、think that、tell me whether 来谈论人们对现代艺术的看法。
结构
| 引导词 | 用法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| that（可省略） | 陈述内容 | I think (that) young children notice more. |
| whether / if | "是否"，一般疑问的内容 | She tells me whether my pictures are good or not. |
| what / where / why 等 | 特殊疑问的内容，用陈述语序 | They tell you what a picture is about. |
常见引导宾语从句的动词：think, know, pretend, tell sb, ask, wonder, understand, say。 语序：主句 + 引导词 + 主语 + 谓语（不倒装、不用 do/does）。
课文中的例句
- [句 2] Many people pretend that they understand modern art. — pretend that + 陈述句，that 后面是完整的主谓宾。
- [句 3] They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. — tell you + what 引导的宾语从句，注意语序是 a picture is，不是 is a picture。
- [句 7] I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. — think that 引导长宾语从句，that 可以省略。
- [句 9] My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. — tells me whether…or not 表示"是否"，whether 常与 or not 连用。
- [句 6] We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. — 这里的 that 引导定语从句修饰 way，注意与宾语从句的 that 区分。
补充例句
- I know that my sister likes this picture. — 我知道我妹妹喜欢这幅画。
- She asked me whether the picture was upside down. — 她问我这幅画是不是挂倒了。
- Nobody understands what this modern picture is about. — 没有人明白这幅现代画讲的是什么。
易错点
- ❌ She tells me whether are my pictures good. → ✅ She tells me whether my pictures are good. — 宾语从句用陈述语序，主语在前动词在后。
- ❌ They tell you what is a picture about. → ✅ They tell you what a picture is about. — 疑问词引导的宾语从句同样不能倒装。
- ❌ I think that she doesn't like it. (想表达"我认为她不喜欢") → ✅ I don't think that she likes it. — think 的否定通常前移到主句。
- ❌ Do you know if or not it is good? → ✅ Do you know whether or not it is good? — or not 紧跟引导词时只能用 whether，不能用 if。