语法点:used to / would / be used to (Past Habits)
used to + 动词原形 表示"过去常常做某事,现在不再做了",既可以说过去的习惯动作,也可以说过去的状态(used to be, used to live)。would + 动词原形 也能表示过去反复的动作,但只能用于动作,不能用于状态,而且通常要先交代时间背景。be used to + 名词/动名词 是完全不同的意思:"习惯于……",used 在这里是形容词,可以用于任何时态。本课讲 Frank 年轻时的经历,多次出现 used to work / used to make,是学习这个语法点最好的材料。
结构
| 形式 | 意义 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| used to + 动词原形 | 过去常常(现在不了),动作或状态 | He used to work in a small shop. |
| did not use to / didn't use to | 否定 | He didn't use to have helpers. |
| Did … use to …? | 疑问 | Did he use to work fourteen hours a day? |
| would + 动词原形 | 过去反复的动作(不用于状态) | At that time he would work fourteen hours a day. |
| be/get used to + 名词/动名词 | 习惯于 | He is used to working long hours. |
课文中的例句
- [句 2] Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. — used to work 说明小时候的习惯,与后来当老板形成对比。
- [句 3] It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. — at that time + used to 讲过去每天的工作习惯。
- [句 5] In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. — used to 说明二十多岁时常做的工作,现在已经不做了。
- [句 6] At that time he had two helpers. — 过去的状态直接用一般过去时 had,也可说 used to have two helpers。
- [句 4] He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. — 注意:in 1958 bought 是一次性动作,不能用 used to。
补充例句
- Frank used to repair bicycles, but now he has a large factory. 弗兰克过去常修自行车,现在有一家大工厂。
- When I was a boy, I would get up at five every morning. 我小时候每天早上五点起床。
- He is used to working fourteen hours a day. 他已经习惯了每天工作十四个小时。
易错点
- ❌ He used to working in a small shop. → ✅ He used to work in a small shop. — used to 后面接动词原形,不是 -ing。
- ❌ He is used to work fourteen hours a day. → ✅ He is used to working fourteen hours a day. — be used to 后的 to 是介词,接动名词。
- ❌ In 1958 he used to buy a small workshop. → ✅ In 1958 he bought a small workshop. — 一次性动作不能用 used to,只用一般过去时。
- ❌ He would be the head of a large company. (表示过去状态) → ✅ He used to be the head of a large company. — would 不能表示过去的状态,状态只能用 used to。