语法

used to / would / be used to (Past Habits)

语法点:used to / would / be used to (Past Habits)

used to + 动词原形 表示"过去常常做某事,现在不再做了",既可以说过去的习惯动作,也可以说过去的状态(used to be, used to live)。would + 动词原形 也能表示过去反复的动作,但只能用于动作,不能用于状态,而且通常要先交代时间背景。be used to + 名词/动名词 是完全不同的意思:"习惯于……",used 在这里是形容词,可以用于任何时态。本课讲 Frank 年轻时的经历,多次出现 used to work / used to make,是学习这个语法点最好的材料。

结构

形式 意义 例子
used to + 动词原形 过去常常(现在不了),动作或状态 He used to work in a small shop.
did not use to / didn't use to 否定 He didn't use to have helpers.
Did … use to …? 疑问 Did he use to work fourteen hours a day?
would + 动词原形 过去反复的动作(不用于状态) At that time he would work fourteen hours a day.
be/get used to + 名词/动名词 习惯于 He is used to working long hours.

课文中的例句

补充例句

易错点

逐句语法分析 · 10 句
  1. 1Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.

    昨天下午,弗兰克·霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。

    过去进行时 (Past Continuous) · 时间状语 + 主语 + was + 动词-ing + 宾语 + about + 名词

    • was telling 过去进行时,表示昨天下午正在讲述
    • tell sb. about sth. 给某人讲某事
    • as a young man 年轻时

    昨天下午谈话正在进行中,用过去进行时作为故事的背景。

  2. 2Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.

    退休之前,弗兰克是一家大型商业公司的负责人,但他小时候曾在一家小店里工作。

    一般过去时 + used to (Simple Past + used to) · Before 从句, 主语 + was + 表语, but as a boy + 主语 + used to + 动词原形

    • used to work 表示过去的习惯,现在不再
    • before he retired 时间状语从句
    • the head of a company 公司的领导

    前半句讲退休前的地位,后半句用 used to 讲小时候常做的事,形成对比。

  3. 3It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.

    他的工作是修理自行车,那时他常常一天干十四个小时。

    一般过去时 + used to (Simple Past + used to) · It was his job to + 动词原形 and at that time + 主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 时间状语

    • It was his job to repair… 中 it 是形式主语,真正主语是不定式
    • used to work fourteen hours a day 过去每天的习惯
    • at that time 常与 used to 搭配

    说明他小时候的工作内容和工作时长,used to 突出"过去常常"。

  4. 4He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.

    他攒了好几年钱,于1958年买下了一间属于自己的小车间。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + for years and in 1958 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语

    • saved / bought 一般过去时
    • in 1958 明确时间,bought 是一次性动作,不能用 used to
    • of his own 自己的

    存钱多年后在 1958 年买下作坊,这是具体的一次性动作,用一般过去时。

  5. 5In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.

    二十多岁时,弗兰克曾为飞机制造零配件。

    used to (Past Habit) · 时间状语 + 主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + for + 名词

    • in his twenties 二十多岁时
    • used to make 过去常做(现在不做了)
    • spare parts 零配件

    讲二十多岁时的主要工作,用 used to 强调这是过去的习惯性工作。

  6. 6At that time he had two helpers.

    那时他有两个帮手。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + had + 宾语

    • had 表示过去的状态(拥有)
    • 也可说 used to have two helpers

    描述当时的状态,用一般过去时 had;状态也可以用 used to,但不能用 would。

  7. 7In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.

    几年之后,这间小车间已经变成了一家雇用七百二十八人的大工厂。

    过去完成时 (Past Perfect) · 时间状语 + 主语 + had become + 表语 + which 引导的定语从句

    • had become 过去完成时,表示到那时为止已经变成
    • which employed … 定语从句修饰 factory
    • seven hundred and twenty-eight 数词读法

    几年之内小作坊已发展成大工厂,用过去完成时强调"已经完成的变化"。

  8. 8Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.

    弗兰克回想起早年的艰苦岁月和通向成功的漫长道路时,露出了微笑。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + when + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语

    • smiled / remembered 一般过去时
    • when 引导时间状语从句
    • the long road to success 通向成功的漫长道路

    回到讲述现场,用一般过去时叙述他的动作和回忆。

  9. 9He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

    他还在微笑的时候,门开了,他的妻子走了进来。

    过去进行时 + 一般过去时 (Past Continuous + Simple Past) · 主语 + was still + 动词-ing + when + 主语 + 动词过去式 and + 主语 + 动词过去式

    • was still smiling 过去进行时表示正在进行的背景动作
    • when 从句中 opened / came in 是突然发生的动作
    • came in 进来

    正在微笑时门开了,进行中的动作用过去进行时,打断它的动作用一般过去时。

  10. 10She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

    她要他去修理他们孙子的自行车!

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + wanted + 宾语 + to + 动词原形 + 宾语

    • want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
    • grandson's 所有格
    • 结尾感叹号表示幽默

    妻子想让他修孙子的自行车,呼应开头的修车工作,用 want sb. to do 结构。

练习 · 44 题

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  1. 选择正确的答案

    1. As a boy, Frank ____ in a small shop.

  2. 选择正确的答案

    2. At that time he ____ fourteen hours a day.

  3. 选择正确的答案

    3. Frank ____ working fourteen hours a day now; he does not find it hard.

  4. 选择正确的答案

    4. In 1958 he ____ a small workshop of his own.

  5. 选择正确的答案

    5. Frank ____ the head of a very large business company before he retired.

  6. 选择正确的答案

    6. Did he ____ make spare parts for aeroplanes in his twenties?

  7. 选择正确的答案

    7. In his twenties, Frank ____ make spare parts for aeroplanes every day.

  8. 选择正确的答案

    8. It was his job ____ bicycles.

  9. 选择正确的答案

    9. In a few years the small workshop ____ a large factory.

  10. 选择正确的答案

    10. She wanted him ____ their grandson's bicycle.