语法点：将来完成时与将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect)
将来完成时表示"到将来某个时间点之前，某个动作将已经完成"，强调的是将来的一个截止点和在此之前完成的结果。它几乎总是和 by + 将来时间（by the end of this year, by next Monday, by 2030）连用。本课讲四年后要举办奥运会，政府正在规划各项工程，所以文中既有"将来某时正在做"（will be building），也有"到某时已经完成"（will have completed）。将来完成进行时 will have been doing 则强调到将来某点为止动作已经持续了多久，常和 for + 时间段连用。
结构
| 形式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 主语 + will have + 过去分词 | They will have finished the stadium by next year. |
| 否定 | 主语 + will not (won't) have + 过去分词 | They will not have finished it by then. |
| 一般疑问 | Will + 主语 + have + 过去分词？ | Will they have finished it by then? |
| 将来完成进行时 | 主语 + will have been + 动词-ing | By next year, they will have been building for two years. |
| 常见时间状语 | by + 时间点 / by the time + 从句 / in … years' time | by the end of this year |
课文中的例句
- [句 5] Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. — will have + 过去分词，by the end of this year 是将来的截止点
- [句 6] By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. — 时间状语提前，动作在该时间之前完成
- [句 1] The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. — 一般将来时被动，in four years' time 指将来时间
- [句 2] As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels… — 将来进行时，和将来完成时对比：一个是"到时正在做"，一个是"到时已做完"
- [句 9] …they have never been held before in this country. — 现在完成时被动，注意和将来完成时区分
补充例句
- By the end of this month, I will have finished reading this book. — 到这个月底，我将已经读完这本书。
- The workers will have built the new railway line by 2030. — 到 2030 年，工人们将已经建好新铁路线。
- By next summer, we will have been living in this city for ten years. — 到明年夏天，我们将已在这座城市住了十年。
易错点
- ❌ Workers will complete the roads by the end of this year. → ✅ Workers will have completed the roads by the end of this year. — 有 by + 将来时间点强调"到那时已完成"，用将来完成时更准确。
- ❌ They will have finish the stadium by next year. → ✅ They will have finished the stadium by next year. — have 后面必须用过去分词。
- ❌ By the end of next year, they have finished the stadium. → ✅ By the end of next year, they will have finished the stadium. — 截止点在将来，不能用现在完成时。
- ❌ They will have been finished the work. → ✅ They will have finished the work. — 将来完成进行时是 will have been doing，不要和被动混淆。