语法

1The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.

弗林利这个小村庄据说有一棵“受诅咒的树”。

一般现在时（被动）(Simple Present Passive) · 主语 + is said to + 动词原形 + 宾语

• is said to possess 是被动报道结构
• possess 意为“拥有”，此处指村里有这棵树

主语提前的被动报道形式，相当于 It is said that the village possesses a cursed tree。

2Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.

因为这棵树上了报纸，如今来弗林利的游客人数增加了。

一般过去时（被动）+ 现在完成时 (Past Passive + Present Perfect) · Because 原因状语从句（被动）+ 主语 + has increased

• was mentioned 是一般过去时被动语态
• has now increased 是现在完成时，强调结果

从句说明原因（树被报纸提到），主句用现在完成时表示到现在为止的变化。

3The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.

这棵树是50年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近几年它才有了这样的恶名。

一般过去时（被动）+ 现在完成时 (Past Passive + Present Perfect) · 主语 + was planted + 地点 + 时间, but + it is only … that 强调句 + has gained

• was planted 与 fifty years ago 搭配，一般过去时被动
• it is only in recent years that … 是强调句型
• has gained 表示到现在的结果

前半句讲过去的事实，后半句用强调句突出“只是近几年”。

4It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.

据说谁要是摸了这棵树，谁就会倒霉；谁要是摘了一片叶子，谁就会死。

一般现在时（被动）+ 一般将来时 (Present Passive + Simple Future) · It is said that + if 条件从句 + 主句（will）

• It is said that 是形式主语的被动报道结构
• if 从句用一般现在时，主句用 will，表示条件和结果
• 分号连接两个平行的 if 句

it 作形式主语引出传闻；两个 if 句都遵循“主将从现”。

5Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.

许多村民相信这棵树已经夺去了不少人的性命。

一般现在时 + 现在完成时 (Simple Present + Present Perfect) · 主语 + believe + that 宾语从句（has claimed）

• believe that 是主动报道，可改为 The tree is believed to have claimed
• has already claimed 中 already 常与现在完成时连用
• a number of 许多

宾语从句用现在完成时，表示树已经造成了受害者。

6The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.

有人请求牧师把树砍掉，但到目前为止他一直拒绝。

现在完成时（被动）(Present Perfect Passive) · 主语 + has been asked to + have + 宾语 + 过去分词, but + so far + has refused

• has been asked 是现在完成时被动语态
• have the tree cut down 是 have sth done 结构，表示请人做
• so far 到目前为止，与现在完成时连用

牧师被要求砍树，但至今拒绝；两个现在完成时都和 so far 呼应。

7He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.

他指出，这棵树是一项有用的收入来源，因为游客一直从全国各地前来看它。

现在完成时 + 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect + Present Perfect Continuous) · 主语 + has pointed out + that 从句, as 原因从句（have been coming）

• point out 指出
• as 在这里表示原因
• have been coming 是现在完成进行时，强调持续不断

宾语从句说明理由；as 从句用现在完成进行时表示游客一直不断地来。

8In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.

尽管有上述种种说法，游客们还是一直在摘树叶，并把自己的名字刻在树干上。

现在完成时（被动）+ 现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Passive + Present Perfect Continuous) · In spite of + 名词 + 定语从句（被动）, 主语 + have been doing

• In spite of 后接名词或代词，不接从句
• all that has been said 中 has been said 是被动报道的现在完成形式
• have been picking / cutting 表示一直在做

尽管有种种传言，游客仍不断摘叶子刻名字；用现在完成进行时表持续。

9So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

到目前为止，他们当中还没有一个人突然死去！

现在完成时（被动）(Present Perfect Passive) · So far + 主语（not one of them）+ has been struck down + by 短语

• not one of them 强调“一个也没有”
• has been struck down 是现在完成时被动语态
• struck 是 strike 的过去分词

so far 与现在完成时连用；被动语态强调受害者而不是施动者。