语法

1I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.

我正在第三次参加驾驶执照考试。

过去进行时被动 (Past Continuous Passive) · 主语 + was being + 过去分词 + for + 名词 + for the third time

• was being tested 表示当时正在被考
• for a driving licence 说明目的
• for the third time 表示第三次

开篇用过去进行时被动交代背景：我当时正在参加第三次驾照考试。

2I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.

考官要求我在车辆拥挤的路段驾驶，我顺利地做到了。

过去完成时被动 (Past Perfect Passive) · 主语 + had been asked to do + and + had done so

• had been asked 比后文动作更早发生
• ask sb. to do 的被动是 be asked to do
• do so 代替前面提到的动作

两个过去完成时并列：先被要求在车流中开车，随后已经顺利完成。

3After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

在按照指示把车开出城后，我开始有了信心。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · After + having been + 过去分词, 主语 + began to do

• having been instructed 是完成式分词的被动形式
• 分词短语的逻辑主语是 I
• begin to do 开始做

after 后接完成式被动分词，说明被指示驶出城外发生在获得信心之前。

4Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.

我确信自己已经通过了考试，几乎开始享受这次考试了。

过去进行时 (Past Continuous) · Sure that + 从句, 主语 + was beginning to do

• Sure that… 是形容词短语作原因状语
• had passed 是从句中的过去完成时
• was almost beginning 表示正开始

形容词 sure 引导的短语说明原因；主句用过去进行时表示当时的状态。

5The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing Mr. Eames.

考官一定对我的表现很满意，因为他微笑着说：“伊姆斯先生，还有一件事。

情态动词完成式 (Modal Perfect) · 主语 + must have been + 形容词 + with…, for + 从句

• must have been 对过去情况的肯定推测
• for 在此意为"因为"，引出推测的依据
• be pleased with 对…满意

must have been pleased 推测考官当时一定很满意，依据是他微笑并说话。

6Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.

假设有个孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) · Let us suppose that + 主语 + 动词 + 地点状语

• Let us suppose that 意为"假设"
• crosses 用一般现在时表示假设情景
• in front of 在…前面

考官用祈使句提出假设：一个孩子突然横穿马路。

7As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'

我一敲车窗，你就必须在五英尺之内停车。”

一般现在时 (Simple Present) · As soon as + 从句, 主语 + must + 动词原形 + within…

• as soon as 一…就…，从句用现在时
• must stop 表示必须
• within five feet 在五英尺之内

as soon as 引导时间状语从句，主句用 must 表示考试要求。

8I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.

我继续开车，过了一会儿，考官重重地敲了一下。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + continued doing + and + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 副词

• continue doing 继续做
• after some time 过了一会儿
• tapped loudly 大声敲

两个一般过去时并列，叙述考试过程中先后发生的两个动作。

9Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.

尽管敲击声听得很清楚，我却过了好一会儿才作出反应。

情态动词被动 (Modal Passive) · Though + 主语 + could be + 过去分词, it took me + 时间 + to do

• could be heard 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
• though 引导让步状语从句
• it takes sb. time to do 花时间做

从句用 could be heard 表示声音能被听见，主句说明反应却花了很长时间。

10I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.

我猛地用力踩下刹车踏板，我们俩都向前冲去。

一般过去时被动 (Simple Past Passive) · 主语 + pressed + 宾语 + hard + and + 主语 + were thrown forward

• pressed 一般过去时主动
• were thrown 一般过去时被动
• both 放在 be 动词后

前半句主动，后半句被动：我们被猛地甩向前方。

11The examiner looked at me sadly.

考官悲伤地看着我。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + looked at + 宾语 + 方式副词

• look at 看着
• sadly 副词修饰动词

简单的一般过去时句子，副词 sadly 暗示结果不妙。

12'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'

“伊姆斯先生，”他用悲哀的声音说，“你刚刚把那个孩子撞死了！”

现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · '…,' he said, in a … voice, 'you have just killed + 宾语'

• have just killed 现在完成时表示刚刚发生
• in a mournful voice 用悲伤的语气
• said 引出直接引语

直接引语中用现在完成时 have just killed，强调刚刚造成的结果。