语法点：定语从句 (Relative Clauses)
定语从句是放在名词后面、用来说明"哪一个 / 什么样的"的从句。它紧跟在被修饰的名词（先行词）之后，由关系词引导：先行词是人用 who（作主语）或 whom / that（作宾语）；先行词是物用 which 或 that；表示"……的"用 whose；表示时间、地点分别用 when、where。当关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。本课讲一个逃学男孩的"纪录"，作者反复用 who、that 从句来说明"哪一类孩子""哪一辆车"，让句子简洁而信息丰富。
结构
| 先行词 | 关系词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 人（作主语） | who / that | Children who play truant are unimaginative. |
| 人（作宾语） | whom / that / 省略 | The boy (whom) the driver picked up was English. |
| 物（作主语） | which / that | The boat which took him to Calais was big. |
| 物（作宾语） | which / that / 省略 | The next car (that) the boy stopped went to Perpignan. |
| 地点 | where | Dover is the port where he found a boat. |
要点：1) 关系词紧跟先行词，中间不加逗号（限定性）；2) 从句中不再重复先行词（不能说 the car that he stopped it）；3) 关系词作主语时不可省略。
课文中的例句
- [句 1] Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. — who 引导定语从句修饰 Children，在从句中作主语
- [句 3] They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant travelled 1,600 miles. — who 修饰 a boy，从句里插入了 while playing truant
- [句 9] The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris… — 关系词 that / which 作宾语被省略：the next car (that) the boy stopped
- [句 11] He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school. — who 修饰 children，从句作主语
补充例句
- The driver who gave him some biscuits was very kind. — 给他饼干的那位司机很友善。
- The boat that he slept in travelled to Calais during the night. — 他睡在里面的那条船夜里开到了加来。
- The policeman who picked him up sent him back to England. — 把他带走的警察把他送回了英国。
易错点
- ❌ The boy which played truant travelled 1,600 miles. → ✅ The boy who played truant travelled 1,600 miles. — 先行词是人，用 who / that，不用 which。
- ❌ The next car the boy stopped it went to Perpignan. → ✅ The next car the boy stopped went to Perpignan. — 关系词在从句中已作宾语，不能再加 it。
- ❌ Children play truant from school are unimaginative. → ✅ Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. — 关系词作从句主语时不可省略。
- ❌ He was picked up by a policeman, who sent him back. (想表达限定) → ✅ He was picked up by the policeman who was on duty. — 限定性定语从句前不加逗号。