语法点:比较级与最高级 (Comparatives & Superlatives)
比较两个人或两样东西时用比较级,后面常接 than(larger than Joe's);在三个或更多之中挑“最……”的时候用最高级,前面要加 the,后面常接 in + 范围(the most beautiful garden in our town)。短形容词/副词加 -er / -est,长形容词前加 more / most;good、bad、hard 等有特殊变化要记住。副词也能比较:works harder than。本课通过乔和比尔两个花园的对比,把比较级和最高级都用上了。
结构
| 类型 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单音节 | large / hard / nice | larger / harder / nicer | the largest / the hardest / the nicest |
| 多音节 | beautiful / interesting | more beautiful / more interesting | the most beautiful / the most interesting |
| 不规则 | good / bad / many, much | better / worse / more | the best / the worst / the most |
句型:A + be + 比较级 + than + B;A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围。比较的两边要对等:Bill's garden is larger than Joe's (garden)。
课文中的例句
- [句 1] Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. — 多音节形容词的最高级:the most beautiful + in our town 限定范围
- [句 3] Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. — 单音节 large → larger,than 后用 Joe's 代替 Joe's garden
- [句 4] Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. — 副词比较级 harder、many 的比较级 more、多音节 more interesting 三种形式并列
- [句 7] …I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! — bad 的最高级是 worst,与第一句的 the most beautiful 形成对比
- [句 2] Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year… — nice → nicest,以 e 结尾只加 -st
补充例句
- My garden is smaller than Joe's, but it is nicer than Bill's. 我的花园比乔的小,但比比尔的漂亮。
- Joe's bridge is the most interesting thing in the garden. 乔的小桥是花园里最有意思的东西。
- Bill grows the most vegetables in our town, but Joe's are the best. 比尔种的蔬菜是我们镇上最多的,但乔的是最好的。
易错点
- ❌ Bill's garden is more larger than Joe's. → ✅ Bill's garden is larger than Joe's. 比较级不能同时用 more 和 -er。
- ❌ Joe has the beautifulest garden in our town. → ✅ Joe has the most beautiful garden in our town. 多音节形容词的最高级用 the most。
- ❌ Bill works more hard than Joe. → ✅ Bill works harder than Joe. hard 作副词,比较级是 harder。
- ❌ I win a prize for the worst garden of the town. → ✅ I win a prize for the worst garden in the town. 最高级后面表示范围的地点用 in。