语法

1Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the 19th century was the Crystal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.

19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数为1851年世界博览会而建于海德公园的水晶宫了。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · Perhaps + the most + 形容词 + 名词 + of + 范围 + was + 名词 + 定语从句 (which was built …)

• the most extraordinary 是多音节形容词最高级
• of the 19th century 限定比较范围
• which was built in Hyde Park 是定语从句，被动语态

最高级 the most extraordinary 作主语修饰语，定语从句说明水晶宫的来历。

2The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass.

水晶宫与世界上所有其他建筑都不同，因为它是用钢铁和玻璃建成的。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + was different from + all other + 复数名词, for + 主语 + was made of + 材料

• be different from = 与…不同
• all other buildings：其他所有建筑，用复数
• for 在这里 = 因为，连接两个分句

different from 表达差异；for 引导原因分句，be made of 表示由…制成。

3It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.

它是有史以来最大的建筑之一，来自许多国家的大批人前来参观。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + was one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + of all time, and + 主语 + came to + 动词

• one of the biggest buildings：最高级后接复数名词
• of all time = 有史以来
• came to see：不定式表目的

one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词是本课重点句型；to see 表目的。

4A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.

世界各地的大量商品被送到博览会上。

一般过去时被动语态 (Simple Past Passive) · A great many + 复数名词 + were sent to + 地点 + from + 地点

• a great many + 可数名词复数 = 大量的
• were sent 是被动语态
• various parts of the world = 世界各地

被动语态 were sent；a great many 修饰可数名词复数 goods。

5There was also a great deal of machinery on display.

还有大量机器展出。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · There was also + a great deal of + 不可数名词 + on display

• a great deal of + 不可数名词 machinery
• there was 表示存在
• on display = 展出

a great deal of 修饰不可数名词，与上句 a great many 形成对比。

6The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer.

展出的最精彩的一件机器是内史密斯的蒸汽锤。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · The most + 形容词 + piece of + 不可数名词 + on show + was + 名词

• the most wonderful 是最高级
• a piece of machinery：machinery 不可数，用 piece 计数
• on show = 展出中

最高级修饰 piece of machinery，主系表结构。

7Though in those days travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.

尽管在那个年代旅行不像今天这样方便，但蒸汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲送过了英吉利海峡。

一般过去时 + 一般现在时 (Simple Past + Simple Present) · Though + 主语 + was not as + 形容词 + as + 主语 + is today, + 主语 + carried + 宾语 + across …

• not as easy as = 不如…容易，原级比较
• though 引导让步从句，主句前不再加 but
• it is today 用现在时，与过去对比

not as … as 表示不如；though 从句和主句时态分别为过去和现在。

8On arriving in England, they were, taken to the Crystal Palace by train.

一到英国，他们就被火车送到了水晶宫。

一般过去时被动语态 (Simple Past Passive) · On + -ing, 主语 + were taken to + 地点 + by + 交通工具

• On arriving = 一到达就，介词 on 后接 -ing
• were taken 是被动语态
• by train 表示交通方式，不加冠词

on + doing 表示"一…就"；主句用被动语态 were taken。

9There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.

参观者总共有六百万人，博览会的利润被用来建造博物馆和学院。

一般过去时 + 被动语态 (Simple Past + Passive) · There were + 数量 + in all, and + 主语 + were used to + 动词原形

• in all = 总共
• were used to build：这里是被动语态 be used to do（被用来做），不是习惯
• the profits from = 来自…的利润

注意 were used to build 是被动"被用来"，与 be used to doing 不同。

10Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London.

后来，水晶宫被移到了伦敦南部。

一般过去时被动语态 (Simple Past Passive) · Later, 主语 + was moved to + 地点

• was moved 是被动语态
• Later 放句首表示时间顺序

简单的被动句，主语水晶宫是被搬迁的对象。

11It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.

它一直是世界上最著名的建筑之一，直到1936年被烧毁。

一般过去时 + 被动语态 (Simple Past + Passive) · 主语 + remained + one of the most + 形容词 + 复数名词 + in the world + until + 被动从句

• one of the most famous buildings in the world：最高级 + 范围
• remained 是系动词，后接名词作表语
• was burnt down 是被动语态，burnt 是 burn 的过去分词

one of the most famous buildings 再次使用最高级句型；until 从句用被动。