语法

1Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.

六个人已经被困在矿井里十七个小时了。

现在完成时被动语态 (Present Perfect Passive) · 主语 + have been + 过去分词 + 地点状语 + for + 时间段

• have been trapped：现在完成时被动，强调状态持续到现在
• for seventeen hours 表示持续时长
• in a mine 在矿井里

被困从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态。

2If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.

如果不尽快把他们救到地面上来，他们可能会丧命。

第一条件句 (First Conditional) · If + 主语 + are not + 过去分词 + 状语, 主语 + may + 动词原形 + 宾语

• if 从句用一般现在时被动 are not brought
• 主句用 may + 动词原形表示可能的后果
• lose their lives 丧生

第一条件句：真实可能发生的情况，主句可用 will 也可用 may。

3However, rescue operations are proving difficult.

然而，救援工作进行得很艰难。

现在进行时 (Present Continuous) · However, + 主语 + are + 动词-ing + 形容词

• are proving difficult：prove 在此是系动词，意为“证明是”
• 现在进行时表示目前正在进行的情况
• however 表示转折

prove + 形容词是系表结构，进行时说明救援正持续显得困难。

4If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.

如果使用炸药，震动会使矿井的顶部塌下来。

第一条件句 (First Conditional) · If + 主语 + are + 过去分词, 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 宾语 + to + 动词原形

• if 从句一般现在时被动 are used
• 主句 will cause 一般将来时
• cause sth. to do 导致某物做某事

第一条件句：如果用炸药，屋顶将会坍塌，是真实可能的结果。

5Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.

因此，救援人员正在矿井北侧钻一个洞。

现在进行时 (Present Continuous) · 主语 + are + therefore + 动词-ing + 宾语 + 地点状语

• are drilling 现在进行时，表示目前正在做
• therefore 因此，放在助动词之后
• on the north side of 在……的北侧

承接上句，说明因此采取的措施，正在进行中。

6They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.

他们打算用一个特制的救生舱把这些人救上来。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + intend to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + up + in + 名词

• intend to do 打算做
• bring…up 把……带上来，宾语 the men 放中间
• in a special capsule 用特制的舱

表示打算，用一般现在时 intend to。

7If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.

如果土层下面没有一层坚硬的岩石，他们几个小时就能完成这项工作。

第三条件句 (Third Conditional) · If + there + had not been + 名词 + 地点状语, 主语 + would have + 过去分词 + 宾语 + 时间状语

• had not been：过去完成时，与过去事实相反
• would have completed：would have + 过去分词
• 事实：有硬岩层，所以没有几小时完成

本课核心：第三条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设及其结果。

8As it is, they have been drilling for 16 hours and they still have a long way to go.

而实际上，他们已经钻了16个小时，但还有很长的路要走。

现在完成进行时 + 一般现在时 (Present Perfect Continuous + Simple Present) · As it is, + 主语 + have been + 动词-ing + for + 时间段 + and + 主语 + still have + 宾语

• have been drilling：现在完成进行时，强调一直在钻
• as it is 实际上、照现在的情况
• have a long way to go 还有很长的路要走

as it is 与上句的假设对比，回到现实：已钻了 16 小时。

9Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.

与此同时，两小时前被放进矿井的一个麦克风，使这些人得以与他们最亲近的家人保持联系。

一般过去时被动 + 现在完成时 (Simple Past Passive + Present Perfect) · 主语, which + was + 过去分词 + 状语, has enabled + 宾语 + to + 动词原形

• 非限制性定语从句 which was lowered… 用过去被动
• has enabled…to：现在完成时，enable sb. to do
• keep in touch with 与……保持联系

两小时前放入麦克风是过去动作，其“使能联系”的效果延续到现在。

10Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.

尽管食物和饮水快要用完了，这些人仍然很乐观，相信自己很快就能出去。

现在进行时 + 一般现在时 + 一般将来时 (Present Continuous + Simple Present + Simple Future) · Though + 主语 + are + 动词-ing + 宾语, 主语 + are + 形容词 + and + 形容词 + that 从句

• though 引导让步状语从句
• are running out of 正在用完
• confident that + 从句，从句用 will get out 表示将来

让步从句用进行时表示当前状况，主句用形容词 + that 从句表信心。

11They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.

他们被告知，救援工作正在顺利进行。

现在完成时被动 + 现在进行时 (Present Perfect Passive + Present Continuous) · 主语 + have been + 过去分词 + that + 主语 + are + 动词-ing + 状语

• have been told：现在完成时被动语态
• that 引导宾语从句
• are progressing smoothly 正在顺利进行

tell sb. that 的被动形式；从句用现在进行时描述当前进展。

12If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.

如果他们知道钻透那层坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们就会失去信心。

第二条件句 (Second Conditional) · If + 主语 + 一般过去时 + how + 形容词 + it was + 不定式, 主语 + would + 动词原形 + 宾语

• knew：一般过去时，与现在事实相反（他们其实不知道）
• would lose heart：would + 动词原形
• how difficult it was 是宾语从句，时态与 knew 一致

本课核心：第二条件句，假设与现在事实相反的情况及其结果。