语法点:动名词 -ing 形式 (Gerund / -ing Forms)
动名词是动词加 -ing 后当名词用的形式,可以作主语、宾语,也可以放在介词后面。有些动词后面只能接动名词,不能接不定式,例如 enjoy、regret(表示后悔已做的事)、mind、hate 等;would you mind doing 是客气的请求;by doing 表示“通过……的方式”;need doing 表示“需要被……”,相当于 need to be done。本课警察和作者的一番对话里用了大量 -ing 形式:by ringing the doorbell、the windows need cleaning、regretted answering、enjoy cleaning、excuse my interrupting、would you mind coming。掌握这些搭配是读懂本课幽默的关键。
结构
| 用法 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 介词后 | by / at / of + 动词-ing | I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell. |
| 动词后(只接动名词) | enjoy / regret / mind / hate + 动词-ing | I enjoy cleaning windows at night. |
| 客气请求 | Would you mind + 动词-ing? | Would you mind coming with me to the station? |
| need 的被动含义 | 物 + need + 动词-ing(= need to be done) | The windows need cleaning. |
| 带逻辑主语 | Excuse my / your + 动词-ing | Excuse my interrupting you. |
| 否定 | not + 动词-ing | I regretted not answering politely. |
注意:begin / hate 后接动名词或不定式意思基本相同;regret doing 是“后悔做了”,regret to do 是“遗憾地要做”。
课文中的例句
- [句 2] I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell… — 介词 by 后面必须用动名词 ringing,表示方式
- [句 4] I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night. — need cleaning 表示“需要被清洗”,动名词含被动意义
- [句 6] I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.' — regret doing 表示后悔已做的事,enjoy 后只能接动名词
- [句 8] Excuse my interrupting you. — 动名词前用物主代词 my 作逻辑主语
- [句 9] …would you mind coming with me to the station? — would you mind doing 是客气的请求
- [句 14] …just as the policeman had started to climb towards me. — start 后接不定式也可接动名词,两者意思相近
补充例句
- He woke up his wife by shouting under the window. — 他在窗下大喊把妻子叫醒了。
- Would you mind opening the window? It's very hot in here. — 你介意把窗户打开吗?这里太热了。
- The ladder needs repairing before you climb it again. — 你再爬之前,这把梯子需要修一修。
易错点
- ❌ I enjoy to clean windows at night. → ✅ I enjoy cleaning windows at night. — enjoy 后面只能接动名词,不能接不定式。
- ❌ Would you mind to come with me? → ✅ Would you mind coming with me? — mind 后面接动名词,would you mind doing 是固定搭配。
- ❌ I woke up my wife by ring the doorbell. → ✅ I woke up my wife by ringing the doorbell. — 介词 by 后面必须用 -ing 形式。
- ❌ The windows need to clean. → ✅ The windows need cleaning. / The windows need to be cleaned. — 表示“需要被清洗”用 need doing 或 need to be done,不能用 need to do。