语法

动名词 -ing 形式 (Gerund / -ing Forms)

语法点:动名词 -ing 形式 (Gerund / -ing Forms)

动名词是动词加 -ing 后当名词用的形式,可以作主语、宾语,也可以放在介词后面。有些动词后面只能接动名词,不能接不定式,例如 enjoy、regret(表示后悔已做的事)、mind、hate 等;would you mind doing 是客气的请求;by doing 表示“通过……的方式”;need doing 表示“需要被……”,相当于 need to be done。本课警察和作者的一番对话里用了大量 -ing 形式:by ringing the doorbell、the windows need cleaning、regretted answering、enjoy cleaning、excuse my interrupting、would you mind coming。掌握这些搭配是读懂本课幽默的关键。

结构

用法 结构 例句
介词后 by / at / of + 动词-ing I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell.
动词后(只接动名词) enjoy / regret / mind / hate + 动词-ing I enjoy cleaning windows at night.
客气请求 Would you mind + 动词-ing? Would you mind coming with me to the station?
need 的被动含义 物 + need + 动词-ing(= need to be done) The windows need cleaning.
带逻辑主语 Excuse my / your + 动词-ing Excuse my interrupting you.
否定 not + 动词-ing I regretted not answering politely.

注意:begin / hate 后接动名词或不定式意思基本相同;regret doing 是“后悔做了”,regret to do 是“遗憾地要做”。

课文中的例句

补充例句

易错点

逐句语法分析 · 14 句
  1. 1It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home.

    我回到家时,肯定已经是凌晨两点左右了。

    must have been 对过去的推测 + 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · It + must have been + 时间 + when 时间从句

    • must have been 表示对过去时间的肯定推测
    • it 指时间,about two in the morning 意为“大约凌晨两点”
    • when I returned home 是时间状语从句

    must have been 推测“当时一定是凌晨两点左右”,when 从句给出具体时间点。

  2. 2I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window.

    我按门铃想叫醒妻子,但她睡得很熟,于是我从花园的棚子里取来一架梯子,把它靠在墙上,开始朝卧室的窗户爬去。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + tried to + 动词原形 + by + 动名词, but…, so + 三个并列的过去式动作

    • by ringing 中介词 by 后用动名词表示方式
    • was fast asleep 意为“睡得很熟”
    • got, put, began climbing 三个动作并列,began 后接动名词

    本课动名词的第一个例子 by ringing;长句用 but 和 so 连接,动作按顺序排列。

  3. 3I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said.

    我快爬到的时候,下面传来一个带讥讽的声音。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + was almost there + when + 主语 + 动词过去式

    • was almost there 意为“快到了”
    • when 在这里表示“就在那时”
    • a sarcastic voice below 中 below 作后置定语

    主句描述状态,when 从句引出突然发生的动作,是常见的叙事结构。

  4. 4'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.'

    “我认为这个时候窗户用不着擦吧。”

    一般现在时 (Simple Present) + need + 动名词 · I don't think + 宾语从句 (主语 + need + 动词-ing + 时间状语)

    • need cleaning 表示“需要被清洗”,动名词含被动意义
    • 否定前移:I don't think … 而不是 I think … don't
    • at this time of the night 表示“在夜里这个时候”

    need cleaning 是本课要点,主动形式表被动含义;否定词放在 think 前。

  5. 5I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.

    我向下一看,发现是一位警察,差一点从梯子上掉下来。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 and + nearly + 动词过去式 + when 时间从句

    • nearly fell off 意为“差一点掉下来”,实际没有掉
    • fall off 表示“从……上掉下”
    • when I saw a policeman 说明原因和时间

    两个并列过去式动作,nearly 表示动作几乎发生但没发生。

  6. 6I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.'

    我立刻后悔自己那样回答,可我还是说:“我喜欢在夜里擦窗户。”

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) + 一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + regretted + 动名词 + 方式状语, but + 主语 + said + 直接引语 (enjoy + 动名词)

    • regretted answering 表示后悔已经做了的回答
    • in the way I did 中 did 代替 answered,避免重复
    • enjoy cleaning 中 enjoy 后只能接动名词

    一句话里两个动名词:regret doing 和 enjoy doing,都是只接动名词的动词。

  7. 7'So do I,' answered the policeman in the same tone.

    “我也是,”警察用同样的语气回答道。

    一般现在时 (Simple Present) + 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · So + 助动词 + 主语 (倒装), + answered + 主语 + 方式状语

    • So do I 表示“我也是”,助动词 do 提前构成倒装
    • answered the policeman 是引语后的主谓倒装
    • in the same tone 意为“用同样的语气”

    So do I 是表示“我也一样”的倒装句;引语后的 answered the policeman 也是倒装。

  8. 8Excuse my interrupting you.

    “请原谅我打扰了你。

    祈使句 (Imperative) · Excuse + 物主代词 + 动名词 + 宾语

    • my interrupting 中 my 是动名词的逻辑主语
    • excuse 后接动名词,不接不定式
    • 整句是客气的祈使句

    动名词带物主代词作逻辑主语,是较正式的客气说法。

  9. 9I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?'

    我不愿意打扰一个正忙着干活的人,不过你介意跟我去一趟警察局吗?”

    一般现在时 (Simple Present) + would you mind + 动名词 · 主语 + hate to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + when 从句, but + would you mind + 动词-ing?

    • hate to interrupt 中 hate 后可接不定式或动名词
    • he's busy working 中 busy 后接动名词
    • would you mind coming 是客气的请求

    本句集中了三个 -ing 相关用法,其中 would you mind doing 是本课重点句型。

  10. 10'Well, I'd prefer to stay here,' I said.

    “唉,我宁愿待在这儿,”我说。

    would prefer + 不定式 · 主语 + would prefer to + 动词原形 + 地点状语, + 主语 + said

    • I'd prefer to stay 中 'd 是 would 的缩写
    • prefer to do 表示“更愿意做”
    • well 是口语中的语气词

    would prefer to do 表达委婉的意愿,与上句的 would you mind doing 形成对答。

  11. 11'You see, I've forgotten my key.'

    “你知道,我忘了带钥匙。”

    现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · You see, + 主语 + have + 过去分词 + 宾语

    • I've forgotten 是现在完成时,强调“现在没有钥匙”这一结果
    • forgotten 是 forget 的过去分词
    • you see 是口语中解释原因的开头语

    现在完成时说明忘带钥匙的结果延续到现在,解释为什么爬梯子。

  12. 12'Your what?' he called.

    “你忘了什么?”他喊道。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · Your + what? + 主语 + 动词过去式

    • Your what? 是省略句,只重复没听清的部分
    • called 在这里意为“喊道”
    • he called 是引语后的说明部分

    口语中的省略疑问句,用 what 代替没听清的词。

  13. 13'My key,' I shouted.

    “我的钥匙,”我大声喊道。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 名词短语 (省略句) + 主语 + 动词过去式

    • My key 是省略了 I've forgotten 的回答
    • shouted 表示大声喊,比 called 更响
    • 引语后用逗号与 I shouted 分开

    对话中的省略回答,只重复关键信息 my key。

  14. 14Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.

    幸运的是,喊声把我的妻子吵醒了,就在警察开始朝我爬上来的时候,她打开了窗户。

    一般过去时 (Simple Past) + 过去完成时 (Past Perfect) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + who 定语从句 + just as 时间从句 (had started to do)

    • woke up 是 wake up 的过去式
    • who opened the window 是定语从句,修饰 my wife
    • had started to climb 用过去完成时,表示警察开始爬的动作发生在开窗之前

    just as 引导时间从句,过去完成时说明警察已经开始爬梯子,此时妻子恰好开窗。

练习 · 44 题

每组做完自动记录;总正确率 80% 以上记为掌握 ★。改写和改错与参考答案不完全一致时,登录用户由 AI 判断是否可接受。

总计 0/44
  1. 选择正确的答案

    1. I tried to wake up my wife by ____ the doorbell.

  2. 选择正确的答案

    2. I enjoy ____ windows at night.

  3. 选择正确的答案

    3. Would you mind ____ with me to the station?

  4. 选择正确的答案

    4. I don't think the windows need ____ at this time of the night.

  5. 选择正确的答案

    5. I immediately regretted ____ in the way I did.

  6. 选择正确的答案

    6. Excuse ____ interrupting you.

  7. 选择正确的答案

    7. I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy ____.

  8. 选择正确的答案

    8. 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.' 'So ____ I,' answered the policeman.

  9. 选择正确的答案

    9. It ____ about two in the morning when I returned home.

  10. 选择正确的答案

    10. 'Well, I'd ____ to stay here,' I said.