语法点：过去完成时 (Past Perfect)
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，也就是“过去的过去”。讲故事时如果有两个先后发生的过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时，这样先后顺序就一目了然。它常与 after、as soon as、when、before、by the time 等引导的时间状语从句连用。本课作者回忆去年的经历，多处用过去完成时交代先后顺序。
结构
| 形式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | 主语 + had + 过去分词 | I had left the village. |
| 否定 | 主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 | I had not reached the town. |
| 一般疑问 | Had + 主语 + 过去分词? | Had he got into the car? |
| 特殊疑问 | 疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词? | Where had you left the car? |
常见搭配：After I had done…, I did…；As soon as he had done…, I did…；I had nearly done… when…
课文中的例句
- [句 2] After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. — 先“离开村子”（had left），后“开车去下一个镇”（drove）。
- [句 5] As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French… — 先上车，再打招呼，as soon as 从句用过去完成时。
- [句 8] I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said… — had nearly reached 表示“快到镇上”这一动作发生在他开口之前。
- [句 1] I had an amusing experience last year. — 注意：这里的 had 是实义动词“有”，一般过去时，不是助动词。
补充例句
- After I had stopped the car, the young man got in. — 我停下车后，年轻人上了车。
- As soon as we had reached the town, he said goodbye. — 我们一到镇上，他就道了别。
- I had not driven very far when he asked me for a lift. — 我还没开出多远，他就请我搭车。
易错点
- ❌ After I left the village, I had driven on to the next town. → ✅ After I had left the village, I drove on to the next town. — 先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时，不能颠倒。
- ❌ As soon as he has got into the car, I said good morning. → ✅ As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning. — 主句是过去时，从句要用 had，不能用 has。
- ❌ I had nearly reach the town. → ✅ I had nearly reached the town. — had 后面要用过去分词。
- ❌ Yesterday I had met a young man. → ✅ Yesterday I met a young man. — 只有一个过去动作、没有“更早”的参照点时，用一般过去时即可。