语法

语法点：间接引语：陈述句 (Reported Speech: Statements)

间接引语是用自己的话转述别人说过的话，不用引号。转述陈述句时，用 said (that) 或 told sb. (that) 引出宾语从句。如果主句动词是过去时（said / told），从句的时态要“后退一步”：一般现在时变一般过去时，一般过去时变过去完成时，will 变 would，can 变 could。人称代词也要随说话人和听话人的角度调整。本课作者转述秘书和 Harmsworth 先生的话，集中体现了这一规则。

结构

直接引语	间接引语
'Mr. Harmsworth will see you.'	The secretary told me (that) Mr. Harmsworth would see me.
'Business is very bad.'	He said (that) business was very bad.
'The firm cannot afford to pay such salaries.'	He told me (that) the firm could not afford to pay such salaries.
'Twenty people have already left.'	He said (that) twenty people had already left.

引导词：say (that) 后不接人；tell 后必须接人：tell me / tell him。
时态后移：am/is → was，are → were，will → would，can → could，have done → had done，did → had done。
人称变化：I → he/she，you → me/him 等，按转述者的角度改。

课文中的例句

[句 1] The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. — told me that 引出从句，will 变 would，you 变 me。
[句 4] After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. — said that 引出从句，is 变 was。
[句 5] He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. — cannot 变 could not。
[句 7] I knew that my turn had come. — knew that 后的从句也遵循时态后移，has come 变 had come。
[句 10] Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! — told me 后省略 that，will 变 would。

补充例句

He said that he felt very nervous. — 他说他很紧张。
The secretary told me that twenty people had already left. — 秘书告诉我已经有二十个人离开了。
Mr. Harmsworth said that I could go into his office. — Harmsworth 先生说我可以进他的办公室。

易错点

❌ He said me that business was bad. → ✅ He told me that business was bad. / He said that business was bad. — say 后不能直接接人，要用 tell sb. 或 say to sb.。
❌ The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth will see me. → ✅ The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. — 主句是过去时，从句的 will 要变 would。
❌ He told me that I will receive an extra thousand pounds a year. → ✅ He told me that I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year. — 原话 'You will receive…' 转述时 you 变 I，will 变 would，两处都要改。
❌ He said that business is very bad. → ✅ He said that business was very bad. — 转述过去说的话，一般现在时要后移为一般过去时。

逐句语法分析 · 10 句

1The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.
秘书告诉我哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。
一般过去时 (Simple Past)，从句为过去将来时 (would + 动词原形) · 主语 + told + 间接宾语 + that + 宾语从句
- told me that 引出间接引语
- will see 后移为 would see
本课核心句型：转述秘书的话，时态和人称都随之改变。
2I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
我走进他的办公室时感到非常紧张。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + felt + 表语 + when + 时间状语从句
- felt 是 feel 的过去式，后接形容词 nervous
- when 引导时间状语从句
描写作者当时的感受，主从句都用一般过去时。
3He did not look up from his desk when I entered.
我进去时，他没有从办公桌上抬起头来。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 状语 + when + 从句
- did not look up 是一般过去时的否定形式
- look up from 意为“从……抬起头”
一般过去时否定句，did 后动词用原形。
4After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.
我坐下后，他说生意很不景气。
过去完成时 (Past Perfect) + 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · After + 主语 + had + 过去分词, 主语 + said + that + 宾语从句
- had sat down 先于 said 发生
- said that 引出间接引语，is 变 was
after 从句用过去完成时，主句 said that 转述原话。
5He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
他告诉我公司支付不起这么高的薪水。
一般过去时 (Simple Past)，从句为 could + 动词原形 · 主语 + told + 间接宾语 + that + 宾语从句
- cannot 后移为 could not
- afford to do 意为“负担得起做某事”
told me that 引出间接引语，情态动词 can 变为 could。
6Twenty people had already left.
已经有二十个人离开了。
过去完成时 (Past Perfect) · 主语 + had + already + 过去分词
- had already left 表示在谈话之前已经离开
- already 放在 had 与过去分词之间
这是转述内容的延续，原话 have left 后移为 had left。
7I knew that my turn had come.
我知道轮到我了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past)，从句为过去完成时 (Past Perfect) · 主语 + knew + that + 宾语从句
- knew that 后接宾语从句
- had come 表示在“知道”之前轮到我了
宾语从句时态与主句 knew 保持一致，用过去完成时。
8'Mr. Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.
“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我声音微弱地说。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 直接引语 + 主语 + said + 方式状语
- 这是直接引语，保留引号
- in a weak voice 意为“用微弱的声音”
直接引用作者自己的话，与前面的间接引语形成对比。
9'Don't interrupt,' he said.
“别打断我，”他说。
祈使句 (Imperative)，引述动词为一般过去时 · 'Don't + 动词原形,' + 主语 + said
- Don't interrupt 是否定祈使句
- 直接引语中保留原话形式
直接引语转述命令，若改为间接引语要用 told me not to interrupt。
10Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
然后他微笑着告诉我，我每年将多得一千英镑！
一般过去时 (Simple Past)，从句为过去将来时 (would + 动词原形) · 主语 + smiled and told + 间接宾语 + (that) + 宾语从句
- told me 后省略了 that
- will receive 后移为 would receive
间接引语中 that 可省略，will 变 would，人称 you 变 I。

练习 · 44 题

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选择正确的答案
1. The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth ____ see me.
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2. He said that business ____ very bad.
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3. He told me that the firm ____ afford to pay such large salaries.
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4. He ____ me that twenty people had already left.
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5. He ____ that business was very bad.
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6. Then he smiled and told me I ____ receive an extra thousand pounds a year.
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7. I knew that my turn ____.
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8. 'Don't interrupt,' he said. → He told me ____.
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9. I felt very ____ when I went into his office.
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10. He did not look ____ from his desk when I entered.