语法点:动名词 -ing 形式 (Gerund / -ing Forms)
动名词是动词加 -ing 后当名词用的形式。它可以作主语(Fishing is my favourite sport)、作介词的宾语(without catching anything)、作某些动词的宾语(give up fishing)。要记住:介词后面的动词一定用 -ing 形式;表示“对……感兴趣”用 be interested in + doing。本课几乎每句都有 -ing 形式,是学习动名词的好材料。注意动名词和现在分词长得一样,但动名词是“名词”,分词是“形容词或进行时的一部分”。
结构
| 用法 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 作主语 | Doing + 单数动词 | Fishing is my favourite sport. |
| 作介词宾语 | 介词 + doing | without catching anything / instead of catching fish |
| 作动词宾语 | give up / enjoy / finish + doing | You must give up fishing! |
| 固定搭配 | be interested in + doing | I am only interested in sitting in a boat. |
| 完成式动名词 | after having + 过去分词 | After having spent whole mornings on the river… |
| 否定 | not + doing | doing nothing at all |
课文中的例句
- [句 1] Fishing is my favourite sport. — 动名词 Fishing 作主语,谓语用单数 is。
- [句 2] I often fish for hours without catching anything. — 介词 without 后接动名词 catching。
- [句 5] Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. — instead of 是介词短语,后接动名词。
- [句 8] After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. — after 后用完成式动名词 having spent,强调动作已完成。
- [句 9] 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. — give up 后必须接动名词。
- [句 12] I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! — be interested in 后接动名词,两个动名词用 and 并列。
补充例句
- Sitting in a boat all morning is a waste of time. 在船上坐一上午是浪费时间。
- He went home without saying anything. 他一句话没说就回家了。
- My friends are interested in catching big fish. 我的朋友们对钓大鱼很感兴趣。
易错点
- ❌ Fish is my favourite sport. → ✅ Fishing is my favourite sport. 动词作主语要用动名词形式。
- ❌ I fish for hours without catch anything. → ✅ I fish for hours without catching anything. 介词后的动词必须用 -ing。
- ❌ I am interested in fish. / interested to fish. → ✅ I am interested in fishing. be interested in 后接动名词,不接原形或不定式。
- ❌ You must give up to fish. → ✅ You must give up fishing. give up 后接动名词,不接不定式。