语法点：关联连词 not only…but also / neither…nor / both…and (Correlative Conjunctions)
关联连词是成对出现的连词，用来把两个语法地位相同的成分（两个副词、两个动词、两个名词或两个句子）连接起来。not only…but also 表示"不但……而且"，强调后者；neither…nor 表示"既不……也不"，两者都否定；both…and 表示"既……又"，两者都肯定；either…or 表示"要么……要么"。使用时要注意前后两部分的形式必须平行对称：not only 后面是副词，but also 后面也应是副词。本课作者用这些连词描述自己说英语的方式和搬运工的回答。
结构
| 连词 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| not only A but (also) B | 不但 A 而且 B | I spoke not only carefully but also clearly. |
| not only A, but B as well | 不但 A 而且 B（as well 放句尾） | I not only spoke carefully, but clearly as well. |
| neither A nor B | 既不 A 也不 B | He spoke neither slowly nor clearly. |
| both A and B | 既 A 又 B | The porter and I both looked and smiled. |
| either A or B | 要么 A 要么 B | He will either understand or ask again. |
注意：neither…nor 本身已经是否定，动词不再加 not；both…and 不能用于否定句（要改用 neither…nor）。
课文中的例句
- [句 5] I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. — not only…but…as well 连接两个方式副词 carefully 和 clearly，as well 放在句尾相当于 also。
- [句 8] he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. — neither…nor 同时否定 slowly 和 clearly，动词 spoke 不用加 not。
- [句 3] The railway station was big, black and dark. — 三个形容词并列，与关联连词一样要求各部分形式一致。
- [句 12] The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. — and 连接两个主语和两个动词，可以改写成 both the porter and I。
- [句 17] The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! — but 连接两个意思相反的分句，注意与 not only…but 中的 but 区分。
补充例句
- The porter was not only tired but also hungry. — 搬运工不但累而且饿。
- She could neither read nor write English at that time. — 那时她既不会读也不会写英语。
- Both my teacher and my mother speak English very clearly. — 我的老师和我妈妈说英语都很清楚。
易错点
- ❌ He spoke neither slowly or clearly. → ✅ He spoke neither slowly nor clearly. — neither 必须和 nor 搭配，不能用 or。
- ❌ He didn't speak neither slowly nor clearly. → ✅ He spoke neither slowly nor clearly. — neither…nor 已经是否定，不能再加 didn't，否则双重否定。
- ❌ I not only spoke carefully but also clear. → ✅ I not only spoke carefully but also clearly. — 前后两部分必须平行，都用副词。
- ❌ Both the porter didn't understand me and I didn't understand him. → ✅ Neither the porter nor I understood each other. — both…and 不用于否定，否定要用 neither…nor。