语法

时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

语法点：时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

时间状语从句用来说明主句动作"什么时候"发生，由 when（当……时）、while（在……期间）、as soon as（一……就）、before（在……之前）、after（在……之后）、until（直到）等连词引导。从句可以放在主句前面（此时用逗号隔开），也可以放在后面（一般不用逗号）。讲过去的故事时，主句和从句通常都用一般过去时；as soon as 和 when 强调两个动作先后紧接，while 强调两个动作同时进行。本课讲述男孩们露营遇雨的经历，时间顺序非常清晰，是学习时间连词的好材料。

结构

连词	意思	例子
when + 从句	当……时	When the tent was full of water, they woke up.
while + 从句（常用进行时）	在……期间	While they were sleeping, it began to rain.
as soon as + 从句	一……就	As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal.
before + 从句	在……之前	They put out the fire before they crept into their tent.
after + 从句	在……之后	After they had a meal, they told stories.

位置：从句在前加逗号（As soon as this was done, they cooked…）；从句在后不加逗号（They cooked as soon as this was done）。 before / after 后面也可以直接接名词短语：After a wonderful meal, they told stories.

课文中的例句

[句 2] As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. — as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示搭好帐篷后马上做饭，从句在前用逗号。
[句 1] Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. — 时间短语 Late in the afternoon 作时间状语，可以扩展为时间从句。
[句 4] After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. — after + 名词短语作时间状语，相当于 after they had a wonderful meal。
[句 5] But some time later it began to rain. — some time later 是时间副词短语，表示"过了一会儿"，与时间从句作用相同。
[句 8] In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. — 时间介词短语开头，两个过去式动词按先后顺序排列。
[句 11] It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. — 过去进行时描述背景，可改写为 While it was raining heavily, they found…。

补充例句

When the boys woke up, the tent was full of water. — 男孩们醒来时，帐篷里全是水。
While they were sleeping, a stream formed in the field. — 他们睡觉的时候，田野里形成了一条小溪。
They put out the fire before they crept into their tent. — 他们钻进帐篷之前把火熄灭了。

易错点

❌ As soon as this was done, and they cooked a meal. → ✅ As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal. — 有了从属连词 as soon as 就不能再加并列连词 and。
❌ When it will rain, they will go into the tent. → ✅ When it rains, they will go into the tent. — 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，不用 will。
❌ After they cooked a meal, then they told stories. → ✅ After they cooked a meal, they told stories. — after 从句后面主句不需要再加 then。
❌ While it rained heavily, they found a stream. → ✅ While it was raining heavily, they found a stream. — while 强调持续的背景动作，常用过去进行时。

逐句语法分析 · 12 句

1Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.
傍晚时分，男孩们在一块田地中间搭起了帐篷。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语, + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点状语
- Late in the afternoon 作时间状语
- put up 意为"搭起"，put 过去式不变
- in the middle of 表示"在……中间"
句首时间短语后用逗号。put 的过去式与原形相同。in the middle of a field 是地点状语。
2As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.
这件事一做完，他们就在篝火上做了一顿饭。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · As soon as + 从句（主语 + was done）, + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点状语
- as soon as 引导时间状语从句
- this was done 是被动语态
- 从句在前，主句前用逗号
本课核心句。as soon as 表示"一……就"，从句 this was done 指搭帐篷完成，主句紧接着发生。
3They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
他们都饿了，饭菜闻起来很香。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + were + 形容词 and + 主语 + smelled + 形容词
- all 放在 were 后面
- smell 是感官动词，后接形容词 good 而非副词
两个分句用 and 连接。感官动词 smell 后面用形容词 good 作表语，不能用 well。
4After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
美餐一顿之后，他们围着营火讲故事、唱歌。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · After + 名词短语, + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 and + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点状语
- after + 名词短语作时间状语
- told 和 sang 都是不规则过去式
- by the campfire 表示"在篝火旁"
after 后面直接接名词短语 a wonderful meal，相当于一个时间从句。两个动词并列。
5But some time later it began to rain.
但过了一会儿，天开始下雨了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · But + 时间状语 + it + began to + 动词原形
- some time later 表示"过了一会儿"
- it 指天气
- began to rain 表示开始下雨
it 作主语谈论天气。began 是 begin 的过去式，后接 to do 表示"开始做"。
6The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
男孩们感到累了，于是熄灭了火，钻进了帐篷。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + felt + 形容词 + so + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 and + 动词过去式 + into + 地点
- feel 后接形容词 tired
- put out 意为"熄灭"
- crept 是 creep 的不规则过去式
so 表示结果。put out the fire 是动词短语，宾语放在 out 后面。crept into 表示悄悄爬进。
7Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly.
他们的睡袋既暖和又舒适，所以他们都睡得很香。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + were + 形容词 and 形容词, so + 主语 + all + 动词过去式 + 副词
- so 引导结果分句
- all 放在主语后面
- soundly 是方式副词，修饰 slept
睡袋暖和舒适是原因，所以睡得很香。slept 是 sleep 的过去式，soundly 修饰它。
8In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting.
半夜里，两个男孩醒了过来，开始大声叫喊。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语, + 主语 + 动词过去式 and + began + 动词-ing
- In the middle of the night 作时间状语
- woke up 是 wake up 的过去式
- began shouting 中 begin 后接 -ing
句首时间短语后用逗号。woke up 和 began 两个动作按先后排列。begin 后可接 -ing 或 to do。
9The tent was full of water!
帐篷里全是水！
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + was + full of + 名词
- be full of 表示"充满"
- water 不可数，不加冠词
感叹句说明他们醒来的原因。full of water 中 water 是不可数名词。
10They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside.
他们全都从睡袋里跳了出来，急忙跑到外面。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + all + 动词过去式 + out of + 宾语 and + 动词过去式 + 副词
- leapt 是 leap 的过去式
- leap out of 表示"跳出"
- hurried outside 中 outside 是副词，前面不加 to
两个动作连续发生：跳出睡袋，冲到外面。outside 作副词，不能说 to outside。
11It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.
雨下得很大，他们发现田地里已经形成了一条小溪。
过去进行时 + 过去完成时 (Past Continuous + Past Perfect) · It was + 动词-ing + 副词 and + 主语 + found that + 宾语从句（had + 过去分词）
- was raining 过去进行时描述背景
- found that 引导宾语从句
- had formed 是过去完成时，表示发现之前已形成
过去进行时表示当时正在下雨；宾语从句中的 had formed 表示小溪在他们发现之前就已经形成。
12The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
小溪蜿蜒穿过田地，然后正好从他们的帐篷底下流过！
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + wound its way + across + 地点 and then + flowed + right under + 地点
- wound 是 wind 的过去式，wind its way 表示"蜿蜒前行"
- and then 表示先后顺序
- right under 中 right 加强语气
wound 读 /waʊnd/，是 wind（蜿蜒）的过去式。right under 表示"正好在……下面"。

练习 · 44 题

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1. ____ this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.
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2. The boys put out the fire ____ they crept into their tent.
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3. ____ they were sleeping, it began to rain.
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4. ____ two boys woke up in the middle of the night, the tent was full of water.
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5. ____ a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
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6. When the boys ____ that the tent was full of water, they hurried outside.
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7. As soon as it ____ raining tomorrow, we will put up our tent.
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8. They were all hungry and the food smelled ____.
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9. The boys felt tired, so they ____ the fire and crept into their tent.
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10. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream ____ in the field.