语法

1Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

贾斯珀·怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + is + one of those + 复数名词 + who + 定语从句

• one of those people 后接复数名词
• who 引导定语从句
• believe in 表示"相信……的存在"

one of those + 复数名词，后面 who 引导定语从句说明是哪类人。believes 与先行词 one 保持一致。

2He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.

他刚在城里买了一幢新房子，但自从搬进去以后，他就一直在为汽车和车主们伤脑筋。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · 主语 + has just + 过去分词 + 宾语, but ever since + 过去时从句, + 主语 + has had + 宾语

• has just bought 表示刚刚完成
• ever since 从句用一般过去时 moved
• has had trouble 表示持续到现在

本课核心句。just 放在 has 和过去分词之间；ever since 从句是过去起点，主句用完成时表示从那时至今。

3When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.

当他晚上回家时，总是发现有人把车停在了他的大门外。

一般现在时 + 现在完成时 (Simple Present + Present Perfect) · When + 从句, + 主语 + always + finds + that + 宾语从句（someone has parked…）

• when 引导时间状语从句，用现在时表示习惯
• finds that 引导宾语从句
• has parked 表示车已停在那里

主句和 when 从句用现在时表示经常发生的情况；宾语从句用现在完成时表示"已经停了车"这一结果。

4Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.

因为这个缘故，他连一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · Because of + 名词, + 主语 + has not been able to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + even once

• because of 后接名词或代词
• has not been able to 是 can't 的现在完成时
• even once 强调一次也没有

本课核心句。be able to 的完成时表示到目前为止一直没能做到。because of this 指前面提到的情况。

5Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.

贾斯珀在大门外立起了“禁止停车”的牌子，但这些牌子没有起到任何作用。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · 主语 + has put up + 宾语 + 地点, but + 主语 + have not had + any + 名词

• has put up 中 put 的过去分词仍是 put
• have not had 是 have 的完成时否定
• these 是复数，配 have

本课核心句。前半句说做了什么，后半句说结果如何，两个都用现在完成时。any 用于否定句。

6Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate.

现在他在大门上方安了一个丑陋的石头人头。

现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · Now + 主语 + has put + 宾语 + over + 地点

• Now 表示现在的状态
• has put 是完成时，石头现在还在门上
• an ugly 中 an 用于元音开头

has put 表示动作已完成且结果保留：石头人像现在就在门上。ugly 以元音开头，所以用 an。

7It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.

这是我见过的最丑的面孔之一。

一般现在时 + 现在完成时 (Simple Present + Present Perfect) · 主语 + is + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + (that) I have ever seen

• one of the ugliest faces 后接复数
• I have ever seen 是省略 that 的定语从句
• 最高级 + have ever seen 是固定搭配

本课核心句。最高级后面常跟 I have ever seen，表示"我见过的最……的"，是完成时表经历的典型用法。

8I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.

我问他那是什么，他告诉我那是蛇发女妖美杜莎。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + asked + 宾语 + what 从句 and + 主语 + told + 宾语 + that 从句

• what it was 是宾语从句，陈述语序
• told me that 引导宾语从句
• 从句时态与主句 asked/told 一致用过去时

两个宾语从句：what it was 用陈述语序；told me that it was 时态跟随主句用过去时。Medusa 是同位语。

9Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.

贾斯珀希望她能把汽车和车主都变成石头。

一般现在时 + 一般将来时 (Simple Present + Simple Future) · 主语 + hopes + that + 宾语从句（主语 + will + 动词原形 + 宾语 + to stone）

• hopes that 引导宾语从句
• will turn 表示将来
• turn…to stone 表示"把……变成石头"

主句现在时表示现在的希望，从句用 will 表示将来会发生的事。she 指 Medusa。

10But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

但到目前为止，他们当中还没有一个被变成石头！

现在完成时被动语态 (Present Perfect Passive) · But + none of them + has been + 过去分词 + to stone + yet

• none of them 作主语，动词用单数 has
• has been turned 是现在完成时被动
• yet 用于否定句，放句尾

本课核心句。现在完成时的被动形式 has been + 过去分词；yet 表示"还没有"，用于否定句末尾。