语法

时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

语法点：时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

时间状语从句用 when、while、as soon as、before、after 等连词引导，说明主句动作"什么时候"发生。本课讲一个女孩在海上遇险、游泳上岸、最后在医院醒来的经历，作者用 before、after、when 把一连串事件按先后顺序串起来。从句可以放在主句前（后面加逗号），也可以放在主句后（不加逗号）。叙述过去的事情时，主句和从句都用过去时；如果要强调从句动作发生得更早，可以用过去完成时。

结构

连词	意思	例句
when	当……时 / ……之后	When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.
while	在……期间（持续动作，常配进行时）	While she was swimming, it got dark.
as soon as	一……就……	As soon as she saw the light, she swam towards it.
before	在……之前	A week passed before she was able to explain.
after	在……之后	She swam to the shore after she had spent the night in the water.

从句在前：When she woke up, she found herself in hospital.
从句在后：She found herself in hospital when she woke up.
after / before / on 后也可以直接接 -ing：after spending the whole night；on arriving at the shore.

课文中的例句

[句 1] Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. — before 引导时间状语从句，说明"过了一周"发生在"能解释"之前
[句 4] Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. — after + 动词 -ing，是 after she had spent 的简化形式
[句 7] She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. — 对比：because 引导原因状语从句，位置与时间从句相同
[句 8] On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. — on + 动词 -ing 相当于 as soon as she arrived
[句 10] When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital. — when 从句放在句首，后面用逗号隔开；主从句都用一般过去时

补充例句

When the boat struck the rock, the girl jumped into the sea. 船撞上岩石时，女孩跳进了海里。
As soon as she saw the light, she knew she was near the shore. 她一看见灯光，就知道自己离岸边很近了。
She swam for eight miles before she reached the shore. 她游了八英里才到达岸边。

易错点

❌ When she will wake up, she will find herself in hospital. → ✅ When she wakes up, she will find herself in hospital. 时间状语从句表将来时用一般现在时，不用 will。
❌ She jumped into the sea, when the boat struck a rock. → ✅ She jumped into the sea when the boat struck a rock. 从句放在主句后面时不用逗号。
❌ After she spend the night in the water, she swam to the shore. → ✅ After she had spent the night in the water, she swam to the shore. 叙述过去的事时从句也要用过去时态，不能用原形。
❌ While she woke up, she found herself in hospital. → ✅ When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. while 用于持续的动作，wake up 是瞬间动作，要用 when。

逐句语法分析 · 10 句

1Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
差不多过了一个星期，这个姑娘才能讲清楚自己遭遇了什么。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + before 时间状语从句（含 what 引导的宾语从句）
- before 引导时间状语从句，说明先后顺序
- was able to 表示过去具体一次"做到了"
- what had happened 用过去完成时，事情发生在解释之前
主句 Nearly a week passed 在前，before 从句在后，不加逗号。what had happened to her 是 explain 的宾语从句。
2One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
一天下午，她乘一条小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + and + was/were + 过去分词
- set out 的过去式与原形同形
- was caught in a storm 是被动语态，表示"遇上了暴风雨"
One afternoon 是过去时间状语。两个并列谓语 set out 和 was caught，后者是被动结构。
3Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
傍晚时分，小船撞上了一块礁石，姑娘跳进了海里。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + and + 主语 + 动词过去式
- struck 是 strike 的过去式
- Towards evening 表示"傍晚时分"
两个并列的简单句用 and 连接，按时间顺序叙述先后发生的两个动作。
4Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.
然后，她在水里泡了整整一夜之后，游到了岸边。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · Then + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 地点状语 + after + 动名词短语
- after + doing 相当于 after she had spent
- spend + 时间 + in/doing 表示"花时间做某事"
after 后接动名词短语 spending the whole night，是时间状语从句的简化形式，主语与主句一致。
5During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
在那段时间里，她游了八英里的距离。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语
- During that time 指前文提到的"整个晚上"
- cover a distance of 表示"走过/游过一段距离"
during 是介词，后接名词短语 that time，不能接从句。covered 是规则动词过去式。
6Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.
第二天清晨，她看见前方有一处亮光。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点副词
- saw 是 see 的过去式
- Early next morning 是过去叙述中的"第二天清晨"
简单句。ahead 是副词，修饰 a light，表示"在前方"。
7She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.
她知道自己已接近岸边，因为那亮光高高地悬在悬崖上。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + knew + 宾语从句 + because 原因状语从句
- knew 后省略了 that，引导宾语从句
- because 引导原因状语从句，位置与时间从句类似
主句过去时，宾语从句和原因从句也随之用过去时 was，体现时态一致。
8On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
一到岸边，姑娘就朝着她看到的那处亮光艰难地爬上悬崖。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · On + 动名词短语, + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 方向状语 + 定语从句
- On arriving = As soon as she arrived，表示"一到……就"
- she had seen 是定语从句，修饰 the light，用过去完成时表示"之前看见的"
On doing 是常见的时间状语简化形式。the light (that) she had seen 省略了关系代词。
9That was all she remembered.
她所记得的就只有这些了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · That + was + all + 定语从句
- all 后面的定语从句省略了 that
- That 指前面发生的一切
all (that) she remembered 是定语从句修饰 all，先行词是 all 时关系代词只能用 that，且常省略。
10When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
一天之后她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · When 时间状语从句, + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点状语
- when 从句放句首，后面加逗号
- find oneself + 地点，表示"发现自己在……"
- a day later 表示"一天之后"
本课语法点的典型例句。主从句都用一般过去时，woke 是 wake 的过去式。

练习 · 44 题

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选择正确的连词
1. Nearly a week passed ____ the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
选择正确的连词
2. ____ she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.
选择正确的动词形式
3. When she ____ up, she found herself in hospital.
选择正确的表达
4. She swam to the shore after ____ the whole night in the water.
选择正确的连词
5. ____ she saw the light, she swam towards it.
选择正确的表达
6. ____ at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light.
选择正确的动词形式
7. The boat ____ a rock towards evening and the girl jumped into the sea.
选择正确的动词形式
8. She set out from the coast in a small boat and ____ in a storm.
选择正确的词语
9. During that time she ____ a distance of eight miles.
选择正确的词语
10. She knew she was near the shore ____ the light was high up on the cliffs.