语法

1While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.

约翰·吉尔伯特住院时，他请医生告诉他手术是否成功，但医生拒绝这样做。

一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · While + 时间从句, 主语 + asked + 宾语 + to tell + 宾语 + whether + 间接疑问句, but + 一般过去时

• ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
• whether 引导间接一般疑问句，从句时态后移为 had been
• refuse to do 拒绝做；do so 代替前面的动作

间接疑问句用 whether 引导，陈述语序，时态从现在完成后移为过去完成。

2The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone.

第二天，这位病人要了一部床头电话。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + asked for + 宾语

• ask for + 名词：要求得到
• the following day 第二天

简单的一般过去时叙述句，ask for 后面直接接想要的东西。

3When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.

当他独自一人时，他打电话到医院总机，请求接米灵顿医生。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · When + 时间从句, 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 and asked for + 人

• when 引导时间状语从句
• telephone 作动词：给……打电话
• ask for + 人：找某人（接电话）

两个并列的过去式动作，ask for Doctor Millington 表示要求接通米林顿医生。

4When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert.

医生接电话后，吉尔伯特先生说他想打听一位病人的情况，一位叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生。

一般过去时 + 过去进行时 (Simple Past + Past Continuous) · When + 时间从句, 主语 + said (that) + 主语 + was + 动词-ing + about + 宾语

• said 后省略了 that，是间接陈述句
• 直接引语 I am inquiring 后移为 he was inquiring
• a Mr. John Gilbert 中的 a 表示"某位"

间接陈述句：人称 I→he，现在进行时后移为过去进行时。

5He asked if Mr. Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.

他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功，医生告诉他手术很成功。

一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · 主语 + asked + if + 间接疑问句 and 主语 + told + 宾语 + that + 从句

• if 引导间接一般疑问句，陈述语序
• had been successful 是现在完成时后移的结果
• told him that it had been 是间接陈述，省略了 successful

本课重点：一般疑问句转述用 if，时态后移；回答用 tell sb. that。

6He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks.

然后他问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以获准回家，医生告诉他还得在医院再住两个星期。

一般过去时 + 过去将来时 (Simple Past + Future in the Past) · 主语 + asked + when + 主语 + would be + 过去分词 and 主语 + told + 宾语 + that + 主语 + would have to + 动词原形

• 特殊疑问句转述保留疑问词 when，语序改为陈述
• will be allowed → would be allowed（过去将来时被动）
• will have to → would have to

特殊疑问句的间接引语：保留 when，不倒装，will 后移为 would。

7Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient.

接着米灵顿医生问打电话的人是不是病人的亲属。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + asked + 宾语 + if + 主语 + was + 表语

• ask sb. if… 问某人是否……
• 直接引语 Are you a relative? 后移为 he was a relative
• a relative of the patient 病人的亲属

ask 后面先接被问的人，再接 if 从句；be 动词随主句后移为 was。

8'No,' the patient answered, 'I am Mr. John Gilbert.'

“不是，”病人回答说，“我就是约翰·吉尔伯特先生。”

一般现在时 (Simple Present) — 直接引语 · 'No,' + 主语 + answered, + '直接引语'

• 这是直接引语，用引号，保留原话
• answered 插在引语中间，前后用逗号
• I am 是直接引语，所以不后移

全文最后一句改用直接引语制造效果：说话人自己就是病人，时态不变。