语法

1'Do you call that a hat?' I said to my wife.

“你把那个叫帽子吗？”我对妻子说。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 直接引语（一般疑问句）+ 主语 + said to + 宾语

• Do you call that a hat? 是一般现在时的一般疑问句
• call + 宾语 + 名词：把……叫作……
• said to my wife 是引述部分，用一般过去时

引语用一般现在时问“你把那叫帽子？”，是反问语气，表示不满。

2'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.

“你不必这么无礼吧，”我妻子边回答边照着镜子。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · You needn't + 动词原形 … + as 引导的时间状语从句

• needn't be 表示“不必这样”，指现在
• as she looked… 意为“当她……时”
• looked at herself 用反身代词

needn't + be 表示没有必要这么粗鲁，是本课语法核心。as 从句说明说话时的动作。

3I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.

我在一把带孔的现代椅子上坐下，等着。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 地点状语 + and + 动词过去式

• sat down 和 waited 两个并列的过去式动词
• one of those modern chairs：one of + 复数名词
• with holes in it 作后置定语修饰 chairs

两个过去式动词由 and 并列，叙述先后发生的动作。

4We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.

我们在帽店已经待了半个小时了，而我妻子仍站在镜子前。

过去完成时 (Past Perfect) / 过去进行时 (Past Continuous) · 主语 + had been + 地点 + for + 时间段 + and + 主语 + was still + 介词短语

• had been in… for half an hour：过去完成时表示到过去某时为止持续了多久
• for + 时间段 常与完成时连用
• was still in front of the mirror 描述当时状态

过去完成时说明到那时为止已在店里半小时，突出等待的时间之长。

5'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly.

“我们不该买我们不需要的东西，”我突然评论道。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · We mustn't + 动词原形 + 宾语 + (that) 定语从句

• mustn't 表示“不可以”，与 needn't 区别
• things we don't need 中省略了关系代词 that
• remarked 意为“评论说”

mustn't buy 是“不能买”，语气比 needn't 强得多。we don't need 是定语从句修饰 things。

6I regretted saying it almost at once.

我几乎立刻就后悔说了这话。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + regretted + 动名词 + 时间状语

• regret doing 表示“后悔做了某事”
• almost at once 意为“几乎立刻”

regret 后接动名词 saying，表示对已经说过的话感到后悔。

7'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered.

“你没必要说那话，”我妻子回答说。

情态动词完成式 (needn't have done) / 一般过去时 · You needn't have + 过去分词 + 宾语

• needn't have said：本来不必说，却已经说了
• 带有责备语气
• answered 引述用一般过去时

needn't have done 指过去做了没必要做的事，妻子在责备丈夫多嘴。

8'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'

“我不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕的领带吧。”

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · I needn't + 动词原形 + 宾语 + of + 名词 + 定语从句

• remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
• needn't remind 表面说“不必提醒”，实则在提醒
• you bought yesterday 是省略 that 的定语从句

needn't + 原形指现在没必要。that terrible tie 后接定语从句说明是哪条领带。

9'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'

“我觉得它很漂亮，”我说，“男人的领带永远不嫌多。”

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · find + 宾语 + 形容词；A man can never have too many + 复数名词

• find it beautiful：find + 宾语 + 形容词补足语
• can never have too many 意为“再多也不嫌多”
• I said 引述用过去时

can never have too many 是固定表达，字面否定，实际是强烈肯定。

10'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.

“女人的帽子也永远不嫌多，”她回答说。

一般现在时 (Simple Present) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + can't have + too many + 复数名词

• can't have too many 与上句结构相同
• 妻子用同样的句式反驳丈夫

妻子借用丈夫的句式，说明女人的帽子也永远不嫌多，形成幽默对照。

11Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together.

10分钟后，我们一起走出了商店。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + out of + 地点 + together

• Ten minutes later 表示“十分钟后”
• walked out of 走出
• together 作方式状语

一般过去时叙述结果，时间状语放句首。

12My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!

我妻子戴着一顶看起来像灯塔一样的帽子！

过去进行时 (Past Continuous) · 主语 + was wearing + 宾语 + that 引导的定语从句

• was wearing 表示当时正戴着
• that looked like a lighthouse 是定语从句修饰 hat
• look like 看起来像

过去进行时描述走出店时的状态，定语从句幽默地点出帽子的样子。