语法

时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

语法点：时间状语从句 when / while / as soon as / before / after (Time Clauses)

时间状语从句用来说明主句动作“什么时候”发生，由 when（当……时）、while（在……期间）、as（当……时、一边……一边）、as soon as（一……就）、before（在……之前）、after（在……之后）等连词引导。从句可以放在主句前面（用逗号隔开），也可以放在后面。when 和 as soon as 常与一般过去时连用，表示先后紧接的两个动作；while 强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与进行时连用；after 从句里如果要强调先发生，可以用过去完成时。

结构

连词	含义	常见搭配	例句
when	当……时	一般过去时 + 一般过去时	When he began to play, we saw the snake.
while	在……期间	while + 进行时	While we were resting, we noticed a snake charmer.
as	当……时；一边……	两个动作同时	As we walked, we looked at the baskets.
as soon as	一……就	一般过去时	As soon as he saw us, he picked up a pipe.
before / after	在……之前/之后	after + 过去完成时（可选）	After we had had a long walk, we stopped to rest.

从句在前：As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe. 从句在后：He picked up a long pipe as soon as he saw us.

课文中的例句

[句 1] As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. — as 在这里兼有“因为”和“在……之后”的意味，从句用过去完成时说明先发生的动作。
[句 3] As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. — as soon as 表示“一……就”，两个动作紧接发生，都用一般过去时。
[句 4] When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. — when 引导的时间状语从句放在句首，用逗号隔开。
[句 6] We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs. — when 从句放在主句之后，不用逗号。

补充例句

As soon as the music stopped, the snake went back into the basket. 音乐一停，蛇就回到了篮子里。
While we were having a rest, a man with two baskets walked across the square. 我们休息的时候，一个提着两个篮子的男人走过广场。
After he had played a tune, he opened the other basket. 他吹完一支曲子后，打开了另一个篮子。

易错点

❌ As soon as he will see us, he will pick up the pipe. → ✅ As soon as he sees us, he will pick up the pipe. 时间状语从句中不用将来时，用一般现在时表示将来。
❌ When he began to play a tune we had our first glimpse of the snake. → ✅ When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. 从句放在句首时要用逗号与主句隔开。
❌ While he saw us, he picked up a long pipe. → ✅ As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe. 表示“一……就”的瞬间动作用 as soon as / when，while 要跟持续的动作。
❌ After we had a long walk, we had stopped at a square. → ✅ After we had had a long walk, we stopped at a square. 先发生的动作（走路）用过去完成时，后发生的（停下）用一般过去时。

逐句语法分析 · 8 句

1As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest.
由于我们在旧德里的一个市场里走了很长一段路，便在一个广场停下来休息。
过去完成时 (Past Perfect) / 一般过去时 (Simple Past) · As + 主语 + had + 过去分词 …, 主语 + 动词过去式 + 目的状语
- as 引导的从句说明原因兼时间
- had had a long walk：过去完成时，表示先于 stopped 发生
- to have a rest 是目的状语
从句用过去完成时说明先走了很久，主句用一般过去时说停下来休息。
2After a time, we noticed a snake charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him.
过了一会儿，我们注意到广场的另一边有一个带着两个大筐的耍蛇人，于是就走过去看看他。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语 + 主语 + noticed + 宾语 + 地点状语, so + 主语 + 动词过去式
- After a time 意为“过了一会儿”，是介词短语不是从句
- with two large baskets 修饰 snake charmer
- so 引导结果，went to have a look 表目的
两个并列分句由 so 连接，先注意到耍蛇人，然后去看他。
3As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets.
他一看到我们，就拿起一根长长的、上面镶满硬币的笛子，并打开了其中一个筐。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · As soon as + 从句, 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 定语从句 + and + 动词过去式
- as soon as 一……就
- which was covered with coins 是定语从句修饰 pipe
- picked up 和 opened 并列
as soon as 从句放句首，表示看见我们就立刻拿起管子，是本课语法核心。
4When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake.
当他开始吹奏一支曲子时，我们第一次瞥见了那条蛇。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · When + 从句, 主语 + had + 宾语
- when 从句在前，用逗号隔开
- began to play 开始吹奏
- have a glimpse of 瞥见
when 引导时间状语从句，主从句都用一般过去时，表示两个动作先后紧接。
5It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe.
它从筐里探出身来，开始随着笛子的摆动而扭动。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + rose out of + 地点 + and + began to + 动词原形
- rose 是 rise 的过去式
- begin to do 开始做
- follow the movements of 跟随……的动作
两个过去式动词并列，描述蛇的连续动作。
6We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs.
当耍蛇人突然开始吹奏爵士乐和现代流行歌曲时，我们感到非常吃惊。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + were + 形容词 + when + 时间状语从句
- when 从句放在主句后，不加逗号
- very much surprised 中 very much 修饰过去分词
- suddenly 修饰 began
when 从句说明“什么时候感到惊讶”，位置在主句之后。
7The snake, however, continued to 'dance' slowly.
然而，那条蛇却继续缓慢地“跳舞”。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + however + continued to + 动词原形 + 副词
- however 作插入语，前后用逗号
- continue to do 继续做
- 'dance' 加引号表示并非真正跳舞
however 表转折，句子用一般过去时叙述蛇继续跳舞。
8It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!
它显然分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐的区别！
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + obviously + could not + 动词原形 + 宾语
- could not 是 can 的过去否定
- tell the difference between A and B 分辨 A 和 B
- obviously 显然
could not tell 表示过去没有能力分辨，between … and 连接两者。

练习 · 44 题

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总计 0/44

选择正确答案
1. ____ he saw us, he picked up a long pipe and opened one of the baskets.
选择正确答案
2. ____ he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake.
选择正确答案
3. We were very much surprised ____ the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz.
选择正确答案
4. ____ we had had a long walk through the market, we stopped at a square to have a rest.
选择正确答案
5. ____ we were having a rest, we noticed a snake charmer at the other side of the square.
选择正确答案
6. As soon as the music ____, the snake will go back into the basket.
选择正确答案
7. As we ____ a long walk, we stopped at a square to have a rest.
选择正确答案
8. He picked up a long pipe which ____ with coins.
选择正确答案
9. It ____ out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe.
选择正确答案
10. It obviously could not tell the difference ____ Indian music and jazz!