语法

语法点：分词短语作状语 (Participle Clauses)

分词短语作状语，就是用 -ing（现在分词）或 -ed（过去分词）开头的短语，代替一个完整的状语从句，用来说明时间、原因、方式或伴随的情况。现在分词表示主动或正在进行（Glancing at the bits of wood…= When he glanced at…）；过去分词表示被动或状态（Tired of sleeping on the floor = Because he was tired of…）。使用时有一条铁律：分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是同一个人或物。分词短语通常放在句首，用逗号和主句隔开，能让句子更简洁、更书面。本课两处分词短语都在句首，分别交代年轻人买床的原因和他捡起床垫时的动作。

结构

类型	形式	相当于	例句
现在分词（主动）	V-ing …, 主句	when / as / because 从句	Glancing at the bits of wood, the man picked up the mattress.
过去分词（被动/状态）	V-ed …, 主句	because / after 从句	Tired of sleeping on the floor, he saved up for a bed.
完成式分词	Having + V-ed …, 主句	after 从句（动作先发生）	Having put it on the floor, he went to sleep again.
否定式	Not + V-ing …, 主句	because … not	Not knowing what to do, he stayed on the mattress.

要点：1) 分词的逻辑主语 = 主句主语；2) 主动用 -ing，被动用 -ed；3) 分词短语后加逗号；4) 主句要有完整的主语和谓语。

课文中的例句

[句 1] Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. — 过去分词短语作原因状语，= Because he was tired of…
[句 9] Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. — 现在分词短语作时间/伴随状语，= As he glanced at…
[句 3] Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. — 主语不同（weather / he），所以只能用 because 从句，不能用分词短语。
[句 10] After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again. — 主语相同，可改写为 Having put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

补充例句

Feeling very tired, the young man went to bed early. 年轻人觉得很累，早早就上床睡觉了。
Smashed to pieces by the storm, the bed could not be used again. 床被暴风雨摔得粉碎，再也不能用了。
Having slept well for two nights, he was not worried about the weather. 睡了两个好觉之后，他不再担心天气了。

易错点

❌ Tiring of sleeping on the floor, he bought a bed. → ✅ Tired of sleeping on the floor, he bought a bed. —— 表示"感到厌倦"是被动/状态，要用过去分词 tired。
❌ Glancing at the bits of wood, the mattress was picked up by the man. → ✅ Glancing at the bits of wood, the man picked up the mattress. —— 分词的逻辑主语必须是主句主语（是人在看，不是床垫在看）。
❌ Because the weather being very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof. → ✅ Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof. —— 有连词 because 就要用完整从句，不能再用分词。
❌ Glancing at the bits of wood the man picked up the mattress. → ✅ Glancing at the bits of wood, the man picked up the mattress. —— 句首分词短语后要加逗号。

逐句语法分析 · 10 句

1Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
德黑兰的一个年轻人厌倦了睡地板，他攒了好几年的钱，终于买了一张真正的床。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 过去分词短语（原因状语）, 主语 + 动词过去式 + for + 时间段 + 不定式（目的状语）
- Tired of sleeping… 是过去分词短语作原因状语，逻辑主语是 a young man
- saved up for years：for + 时间段
- to buy a real bed 是不定式作目的状语
句首的过去分词短语说明原因，相当于 Because he was tired of…；主句用一般过去时叙述过去的事。
2For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
他有生以来第一次成了一张带弹簧和床垫的床的自豪主人。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 介词短语 + 主语 + became + 表语 + which 定语从句
- became the proud owner of：成为……的主人
- which had springs and a mattress 是定语从句修饰 a bed
- For the first time in his life 是状语，放句首
became 是系动词，后接名词作表语；which 引导的定语从句说明这张床的特点。
3Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
由于天气很热，他把床搬到了自家的屋顶上。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · Because 原因状语从句, 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 地点状语
- because 从句主语（the weather）与主句主语（he）不同，不能改成分词短语
- carried … on to the roof：on to 表示动作方向
两个主语不同，只能用 because 引导完整的从句，这正是分词短语不能使用的情况。
4He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
头两个晚上他睡得很好，可是第三天夜里刮起了暴风。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 时间状语, but + 时间状语 + 主语 + 动词短语
- for the first two nights：for + 时间段
- on the third night：具体某一晚用 on
- blew up 是 blow up 的过去式，指风暴刮起
but 连接两个并列分句，形成前两晚睡得好与第三晚起风暴的对比。
5A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
一阵狂风把床从屋顶上刮了下去，床摔进了下面的院子里。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + off + 地点 + and + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + V-ing 短语
- swept … off the roof：off 表示"离开表面"
- sent it crashing into：send + 宾语 + V-ing，表示使某物猛然……
- below 作副词修饰 courtyard
两个并列谓语 swept 和 sent 由 and 连接；crashing 是现在分词作宾语补足语。
6The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
直到床撞到地面，年轻人才醒过来。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · 主语 + did not + 动词原形 + until + 从句（had + 过去分词）
- not … until：直到……才
- had struck 是过去完成时，表示撞地发生在醒来之前
- struck 是 strike 的过去分词
until 从句中的动作先于主句发生，所以用过去完成时；主句用一般过去时的否定。
7Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
虽然床被摔得粉碎，那人却奇迹般地毫发无伤。
一般过去时 (Simple Past，被动语态) · Although 让步状语从句（被动） , 主语 + was + 形容词
- was smashed to pieces 是被动语态
- although 引导让步从句，主句前不能再加 but
- miraculously 是副词修饰 unhurt
从句用被动表示床被摔碎；主句用一般过去时说明人竟然没有受伤。
8When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
他醒来的时候，人还躺在床垫上。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · When 时间状语从句, 主语 + was + still + 地点状语
- woke up 是 wake up 的过去式
- still 放在 be 动词之后
- 主语相同，可改写为 Waking up, he was still on the mattress.
when 从句和主句主语都是 he，因此也可以改成现在分词短语作时间状语。
9Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
那人看了看散落在四周的木片和金属片，伤心地拾起床垫，把它搬回了屋里。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 现在分词短语（时间/伴随状语）, 主语 + 副词 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + and + 动词过去式 + 宾语
- Glancing at … 是现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 the man
- that lay around him 是定语从句，lay 是 lie 的过去式
- picked up 和 carried 是并列谓语
分词短语描述主句动作发生时伴随的动作，相当于 As he glanced at…；两个谓语均用一般过去时。
10After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
他把床垫放到地板上以后，马上又睡着了。
过去完成时 + 一般过去时 (Past Perfect + Simple Past) · After 时间状语从句（had + 过去分词）, 主语 + 副词 + 动词过去式
- had put 是过去完成时，表示先放下床垫再睡觉
- 主语相同，可改写为 Having put it on the floor, he…
- promptly 修饰 went
after 从句用过去完成时强调动作先后；主语一致时可以用完成式分词 Having put 替代。

练习 · 44 题

每组做完自动记录；总正确率 80% 以上记为掌握 ★。改写和改错与参考答案不完全一致时，登录用户由 AI 判断是否可接受。

总计 0/44

选择正确的答案
1. ____ of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
选择正确的答案
2. ____ at the bits of wood and metal, the man sadly picked up the mattress.
选择正确的答案
3. ____ it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
选择正确的答案
4. ____ to pieces, the bed could not be used again.
选择正确的答案
5. Which sentence is correct?
选择正确的答案
6. ____ the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
选择正确的答案
7. ____ up, he was still on the mattress.
选择正确的答案
8. The young man did not wake up until the bed ____ the ground.
选择正确的答案
9. A gust of wind swept the bed ____ the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
选择正确的答案
10. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was ____ unhurt.