语法

语法点：不定式 (Infinitive)

不定式就是 to + 动词原形（to get off, to stay），它没有人称和时态的变化，可以在句子里充当多种成分。本课最常见的三种用法是：1) 作动词的宾语，如 forgot to put you off、prefer to stay；2) 作目的状语，说明"为了做什么"，如 sat in the front to get a good view；3) 疑问词 + 不定式，如 where to get off，相当于一个名词性从句 where I should get off。另外，have to、be going to 后面接的也是动词原形。注意有些动词（love, like, enjoy）后面习惯接 -ing 形式，本课的 love travelling、don't like losing 就是例子，和不定式形成对照。

结构

用法	结构	例句
作宾语	动词 + to do	I forgot to put you off. / I prefer to stay on the bus.
作目的状语	主句 + to do（= in order to do）	I sat in the front to get a good view.
疑问词 + 不定式	tell / know + where / how / what + to do	I'll tell you where to get off.
情态类短语 + 原形	have to / be going to + do	You'll have to get off here.
否定式	not + to do	He told me not to get off here.

常接不定式的动词：want, decide, forget, prefer, expect, hope, learn, try；常接 -ing 的动词：enjoy, mind, finish, love / like（表示爱好时）。

课文中的例句

[句 4] 'I'll tell you where to get off.' answered the conductor. — 疑问词 where + 不定式，作 tell 的直接宾语。
[句 5] I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. — 不定式作目的状语，说明坐前排的目的。
[句 11] 'I forgot to put you off.' — forget + to do，表示"忘了去做某事"（事情没做）。
[句 14] 'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered. — prefer + to do，表示更愿意做某事。
[句 8] 'You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. — have to + 动词原形，表示不得不。
[句 1] I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way. — love / like 表示喜好时接 -ing，与不定式形成对照。

补充例句

I got on the bus early to get a good seat. 我早早上车，为了找个好座位。
The conductor forgot to tell me where to get off. 售票员忘了告诉我在哪里下车。
We decided to go on an excursion to the country. 我们决定去乡下远足。

易错点

❌ I'll tell you where get off. → ✅ I'll tell you where to get off. —— 疑问词后面接不定式时不能丢掉 to。
❌ I forgot putting you off. → ✅ I forgot to put you off. —— forget to do 指"忘了做"（没做），forget doing 指"忘了做过"，这里是没做。
❌ I prefer stay on the bus. → ✅ I prefer to stay on the bus. —— prefer 后面接不定式要有 to（或接 -ing）。
❌ I sat in the front for get a good view. → ✅ I sat in the front to get a good view. —— 表示目的用不定式 to do，不用 for + 动词。

逐句语法分析 · 14 句

1I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.
我喜欢在乡间旅行，但不喜欢迷路。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + love + V-ing, but + 主语 + don't like + V-ing
- love / like 表示爱好时后接 -ing 形式
- lose one's way：迷路
- but 连接两个对比的分句
一般现在时说明作者的一贯爱好；love 和 like 后接动名词，与不定式用法形成对照。
2I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.
最近我作了一次短途旅行，但这次旅行花的时间比我预想的要长。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + went on + 名词, but + 主语 + took + 宾语 + longer than + 从句
- go on an excursion：去远足
- take sb. longer than：花的时间比……长
- than I expected：比我预料的
两个分句均用一般过去时叙述过去的经历，than 后接比较从句。
3'I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, 'but I don't know where it is.'
“我要去伍德福德草地，”我一上车就对售票员说，“可我不知道那地方在哪儿。”
现在进行时表将来 + 一般过去时 (Present Continuous for future + Simple Past) · '主语 + am going to + 地点,' 主语 + said + to sb. + as 从句, 'but + 主语 + don't know + where 从句'
- I'm going to Woodford Green 这里是现在进行时表示正在前往
- as I got on the bus：as 表示"当……时"
- where it is 是宾语从句，用陈述语序
引语内是现在时，引述部分是过去时；where it is 是完整的宾语从句，可与 where to get off 对比。
4'I'll tell you where to get off.' answered the conductor.
“到时候我会告诉您在哪儿下车。”售票员回答说。
一般将来时 (Simple Future) · 主语 + will tell + 间接宾语 + where + 不定式
- where to get off = where you should get off
- 疑问词 + 不定式作 tell 的直接宾语
- I'll = I will，表示当场做出的承诺
疑问词加不定式是本课语法重点，用简短的结构代替一个从句。
5I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
我坐在公共汽车的前部，以便把乡间的风光看个清楚。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + 动词过去式 + 地点状语 + 不定式（目的状语）
- to get a good view 是不定式作目的状语
- in the front of the bus：在车厢前部（车内）
- get a good view of：看清楚……
不定式短语说明"坐在前排"的目的，相当于 in order to get a good view。
6After some time, the bus stopped.
过了一会儿，车停了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 时间状语, 主语 + 不及物动词过去式
- after some time：过了一会儿
- stopped 是 stop 的过去式，双写 p 再加 -ed
简单的主谓结构，用一般过去时推进故事情节。
7Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
我环顾四周，吃惊地发现车上只剩下我一个乘客了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 现在分词短语, 主语 + realized + that 宾语从句（含过去分词 left 作后置定语）
- Looking round 是现在分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是 I
- the only passenger left on the bus：left 是过去分词作后置定语
- with a shock：吃惊地
分词短语描述伴随动作；that 从句是 realized 的宾语，时态与主句一致。
8'You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.'
“您得在这儿下车，”售票员说，“我们的车就到这儿。”
一般将来时 (Simple Future) · 主语 + will have to + 动词原形 + 地点状语；This is as far as + 从句
- will have to：将不得不，have to 后接动词原形
- as far as we go：我们只到这里为止
- get off：下车
have to 后必须接动词原形；as far as 是同级比较，表示"到……为止"。
9'Is this Woodford Green?' I asked.
“这儿是伍德福德草地吗？”我问道。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · Is + this + 地名?（一般疑问句） + 主语 + asked
- be 动词提前构成一般疑问句
- 引述动词 asked 用过去时
引语中是现在时的一般疑问句，引述部分用过去时 asked。
10'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly.
“哎呀，”售票员突然说道。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · '感叹语,' + said + 主语 + 副词
- Oh dear 表示惊讶或懊悔
- said the conductor 是引述部分的倒装（动词在主语前）
- suddenly 修饰 said
引语后的 said the conductor 是常见的倒装写法，主语是名词时可以这样写。
11'I forgot to put you off.'
“我忘了让您下车了。”
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + forgot + 不定式（to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 副词）
- forget to do：忘了做某事（没做）
- put sb. off：让某人下车
- 宾语是代词 you 时要放在 put 和 off 之间
forget 后接不定式表示应做而没做的事，是本课不定式作宾语的典型例子。
12'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.'
“没关系，”我说，“我就在这儿下车吧。”
一般现在时 + 一般将来时 (Simple Present + Simple Future) · It doesn't matter. + 主语 + will get off + 地点状语
- It doesn't matter：没关系
- I'll get off here：will 表示当场决定
- get off 后接地点副词 here，不加介词
第一句是固定表达；第二句用 will 表示说话时临时做出的决定。
13'We're going back now,' said the conductor.
“我们现在要往回开了，”售票员说。
现在进行时表将来 (Present Continuous for future) · 主语 + are going + 副词 + now, + said + 主语
- We're going back now：现在进行时表示即将发生的动作
- go back：返回
- said the conductor 倒装
现在进行时在这里表示马上要做的事，不是正在进行。
14'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.
“好吧，既然如此，我还是留在车上吧，”我回答说。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · in that case, 主语 + prefer + 不定式（to + 动词原形 + 地点状语）
- prefer to do：更愿意做某事
- in that case：既然那样
- stay on the bus：留在车上
prefer 后接不定式作宾语；in that case 承接上文售票员说的话。

练习 · 44 题

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1. 'I'll tell you where ____,' answered the conductor.
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2. I sat in the front of the bus ____ a good view of the countryside.
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3. 'I forgot ____ you off,' said the conductor.
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4. 'In that case, I prefer ____ on the bus,' I answered.
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5. 'You'll have ____ here,' the conductor said.
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6. I love ____ in the country, but I don't like ____ my way.
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7. The conductor did not tell me ____ to get off.
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8. I went on an excursion recently, but my trip ____ me longer than I expected.
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9. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger ____ on the bus.
选择正确的答案
10. 'You'll have to get off here. This is ____ as we go.'