语法

1Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

寻找失落宝藏的梦想最近几乎成真了。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语（Dreams of + 动名词短语）+ almost + came true + 时间状语

• come true 意为“实现”，是不及物短语，没有被动
• of finding 中 of 后接动名词
• recently 与一般过去时连用也可以

主语是 dreams，谓语 came true 用一般过去时；almost 表示“差一点就”。

2A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

一种名叫“探宝器”的新机器已经发明出来，它被用来探测埋在地下的黄金。

现在完成时被动语态 (Present Perfect Passive) · 主语 + called + 名称 + has been + 过去分词 + and + it + has been used to + 动词原形 + 宾语 + which + has been + 过去分词

• has been invented / has been used / has been buried 三处现在完成时被动
• called 'The Revealer' 是过去分词短语作定语
• be used to do 表示“被用来做”

本课最集中的被动语态例句，动作的执行者都不重要，所以全部用被动。

3The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where--it is said--pirates used to hide gold.

这台机器曾在海边的一个山洞里使用过，据说海盗过去常把黄金藏在那里。

一般过去时被动语态 (Simple Past Passive) · 主语 + was + 过去分词 + 地点 + where 从句（it is said 插入语）

• was used 是一般过去时被动
• it is said 是插入语，意为“据说”
• used to hide 表示过去常常做

主句被动语态；where 定语从句中 used to hide 是主动，注意与 was used 区分。

4The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.

海盗们常常把黄金埋在洞里，然后却没有回来取走。

过去习惯 would (Past Habit) · 主语 + would often + 动词原形 + 宾语 + and then + fail to + 动词原形

• would often 表示过去经常做的事
• fail to do 意为“未能做”
• bury gold 是主动语态

would + 动词原形表示过去的习惯动作，两个动作用 and then 连接。

5Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

带着这台新机器，一支探宝队走进了山洞，希望能找到埋藏的宝藏。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 过去分词短语 + 主语 + went into + 地点 + 现在分词短语

• armed with 是过去分词作状语，表示“带着……”
• hoping to find 是现在分词作伴随状语
• buried treasure 中 buried 是过去分词作定语

句首 armed 和句末 buried 都含被动意义，主语 party 是“被武装”的，宝藏是“被埋”的。

6The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时，机器显示地下有黄金。

过去进行时 (Past Continuous) · 主语 + was + 动词-ing + 宾语 + when + 主语 + 动词过去式 + that 从句（there was …）

• was examining … when … showed 表示正在做某事时另一事发生
• that 引导宾语从句
• there was gold 是 there be 句型

过去进行时作背景，when 从句用一般过去时表示突然发生的动作。

7Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep.

队员们非常兴奋，挖了一个两英尺深的坑。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 形容词短语 + 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 数量 + deep

• very excited 是形容词短语作状语，说明主语状态
• two feet deep 表示深度，形容词放在数量后面
• dug 是 dig 的过去式

excited 本身是过去分词形式的形容词，表示“感到兴奋的”。

8They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless.

他们最后找到了一枚几乎一文不值的小金币。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + finally + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + which + was + 形容词

• found 是 find 的过去式
• which 引导定语从句修饰 coin
• almost worthless 意为“几乎不值钱”

主动句 they found a coin；如改为被动则是 a small gold coin was finally found。

9The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk.

接着探宝队把整个山洞彻底搜寻了一遍，但除了一只空锡箱之外什么也没有找到。

一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + then + 动词过去式 + 宾语 + 副词 + but + did not + 动词原形 + anything + except + 名词

• searched 和 did not find 并列
• anything 用于否定句
• except 表示“除了……之外”

两个一般过去时动作，第二个用 did not 否定；主语明确所以用主动语态。

10In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

尽管如此，许多人仍然相信“探宝器”不久就会探测出有价值的东西。

一般现在时 + 情态动词 (Simple Present / may) · In spite of + 名词, + 主语 + are confident + that 从句（may + 动词原形）

• in spite of 后接名词或代词
• be confident that 后接从句
• may reveal 表示可能性

主句一般现在时表示现在的看法，从句用 may 表示对未来的推测。