语法

语法点：将来完成时与将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect)

将来完成时 (will have done) 表示到将来某个时间点为止，某个动作将已经完成。它常和 by the time…、by next week、by 2030 这样的“截止时间”连用，强调“到那时已经做完了”。将来完成进行时 (will have been doing) 则强调到将来某时刻为止，动作已经持续了多久，常与 for + 时间段连用。本课还大量使用了将来进行时 (will be doing)，表示将来某时正在进行或按计划将要发生的事，三者都属于“将来”系列，要注意区分。

结构

时态	肯定	否定	疑问
将来完成时	S + will have + 过去分词	S + will not (won't) have + 过去分词	Will + S + have + 过去分词?
将来完成进行时	S + will have been + doing	S + won't have been + doing	Will + S + have been + doing?
将来进行时	S + will be + doing	S + won't be + doing	Will + S + be + doing?

常见时间状语：by the time + 从句、by then、by + 将来时间、for + 时间段、soon。

课文中的例句

[句 9] By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures. — 将来完成时：by the time 引出截止时间，will have sent 表示到那时“已经发送了”。
[句 4] NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. — 将来进行时 will be sending，表示不久之后将要进行的计划。
[句 5] The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. — 将来进行时，描述按计划将要发生的动作。
[句 7] …it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. — 将来进行时 + 现在完成时 have ever seen，对比两种“完成/进行”的用法。
[句 8] The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. — 一般将来时，最基本的 will + 动词原形。

补充例句

By the time the astronauts arrive, the robot-arm will have grabbed the telescope. — 等宇航员到达时，机械臂将已经抓住了望远镜。
By next year, the Hubble will have been sending pictures for over thirty years. — 到明年，哈勃望远镜将已经连续发送图片三十多年了。
Don't call at eight; I will be repairing the car then. — 别八点打电话，那时我正在修车。

易错点

❌ By the time you read this, the Hubble will send us thousands of pictures. → ✅ By the time you read this, the Hubble will have sent us thousands of pictures. —— by the time 强调“到那时已完成”，要用将来完成时，不是一般将来时。
❌ By the time you will read this, … → ✅ By the time you read this, … —— by the time / when 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，不加 will。
❌ The astronauts will have been repair the telescope for two hours. → ✅ The astronauts will have been repairing the telescope for two hours. —— will have been 之后要用 -ing 形式。
❌ The shuttle will taking the astronauts to the Hubble. → ✅ The shuttle will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. —— 将来进行时不能省略 be。

逐句语法分析 · 9 句

1The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20, 1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars.
哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由美国国家航空航天局发射升空，耗资10多亿美元。
一般过去时被动语态 (Simple Past Passive) · 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + by + 施动者 + 时间/费用状语
- was launched 是被动语态，by NASA 指出施动者
- on April 20, 1990 是明确的过去时间
- at a cost of… 表示花费
望远镜是被“发射”的，所以用被动语态；具体日期说明这是过去发生的事。
2Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble.
从一开始，哈勃望远镜就有麻烦。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 地点/时间状语 + there was + 名词
- there was 是 there is 的过去式
- right from the start 意为“从一开始就”
there be 句型的过去式，说明麻烦从一开始就存在。
3The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
它发回给我们的图像非常令人失望，因为它的主镜有缺陷！
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + (定语从句 it sent us) + were + 形容词 + because 原因从句
- it sent us 是省略了 that/which 的定语从句
- because 引导原因状语从句
- faulty 意为“有毛病的”
主句和从句都用一般过去时，叙述过去的事实和原因。
4NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it.
美国国家航空航天局现在打算把这台望远镜修好，因此不久将送4名宇航员上天去修理它。
be going to 将来 + 将来进行时 (Future Continuous) · S + is going to + 动词原形, so S + will be + doing
- is going to put… right 表示已决定的计划
- will soon be sending 是将来进行时，表示不久后将进行的动作
- put… right 意为“修好、纠正”
前半句用 be going to 表计划，后半句用将来进行时描述即将展开的行动。
5The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble.
“奋进”号航天飞机将把宇航员送到哈勃望远镜那里。
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) · 主语 + will be + doing + 宾语 + 地点
- will be taking 表示按安排将要发生的动作
- take sb. to… 意为“把某人送到……”
将来进行时常用来描述已经安排好、将来会进行的事情。
6A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.
“奋进”号上的一只机械手臂将抓住望远镜并固定住它，让宇航员进行必要的修理。
一般将来时 (Simple Future) · 主语 + will + grab… and hold… + while 时间从句（一般现在时）
- will grab and hold 两个并列的一般将来时动词
- while 从句用一般现在时 make 表示将来
- make repairs 意为“进行修理”
主句用 will 表将来，while 引导的时间从句用现在时代替将来时。
7Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.
当然，哈勃望远镜位于地球大气层之上，因此它很快就会发回我们所见过的最清晰的恒星和遥远星系的图像。
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) · S + is + 地点, so S + will be + doing + 宾语 + 定语从句（现在完成时）
- will soon be sending 表示不久将持续进行的动作
- that we have ever seen 是现在完成时定语从句，修饰最高级 the clearest pictures
- above the earth's atmosphere 说明原因
将来进行时说明望远镜即将发送图片；最高级后常接 have ever seen。
8The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
哈勃望远镜将告诉我们有关宇宙年龄和大小的许多信息。
一般将来时 (Simple Future) · 主语 + will + tell + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + about…
- will tell 是一般将来时
- tell us a great deal about 意为“告诉我们许多有关……的事”
简单的 will + 动词原形，表示对将来的预测。
9By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.
到你读到这篇文章的时候，哈勃望远镜的锐利目光已经给我们发回了成千上万张精彩的图片。
将来完成时 (Future Perfect) · By the time + 从句（一般现在时）, 主语 + will have + 过去分词
- will have sent 是将来完成时，表示到那时已经完成
- by the time you read this 用一般现在时表将来
- thousands and thousands of 强调数量之多
本课核心句：by the time 给出将来截止点，主句用将来完成时表示届时已完成的动作。

练习 · 44 题

每组做完自动记录；总正确率 80% 以上记为掌握 ★。改写和改错与参考答案不完全一致时，登录用户由 AI 判断是否可接受。

总计 0/44

选择正确答案
1. By the time you read this, the Hubble ____ us thousands of wonderful pictures.
选择正确答案
2. By the time the astronauts ____ the Hubble, the robot-arm will have grabbed it.
选择正确答案
3. By next month, the astronauts ____ the telescope for two weeks.
选择正确答案
4. NASA is going to put the telescope right, so it ____ up four astronauts soon.
选择正确答案
5. The shuttle Endeavour ____ the astronauts to the Hubble.
选择正确答案
6. A robot-arm will hold the telescope while the astronauts ____ the necessary repairs.
选择正确答案
7. By the end of this year, the Hubble ____ us the clearest pictures we have ever seen.
选择正确答案
8. The Hubble telescope ____ into space by NASA in 1990.
选择正确答案
9. The pictures were very disappointing because the main mirror was ____.
选择正确答案
10. The Hubble will tell us ____ about the age and size of the universe.