语法

语法点：动名词 -ing 形式 (Gerund / -ing Forms)

动名词就是动词加 -ing 后当名词用，可以作主语、宾语，也可以放在介词后面。有些动词后面只能接动名词，不能接不定式，常见的有 enjoy、avoid、mind、finish、insist on、prevent … from、be busy、it's no use、fancy 等。动名词前面可以加物主代词或名词，说明动作是谁做的：Would you mind my coming with you? 本课作者想尽办法躲开 Nigel，一连串 avoid meeting、enjoy meeting、insists on coming、preventing him from following、mind my coming，全是动名词的典型用法。

结构

用法	例句
动词 + 动名词	I never enjoy meeting Nigel. / I crossed the street to avoid meeting him.
动词 + 介词 + 动名词	He always insists on coming with you. / …preventing him from following me
形容词 / 名词 + 介词 + 动名词	You're not busy doing anything. / a way of preventing him
It's no use + 动名词	It was no use pretending that I had not seen him.
Fancy + 动名词	Fancy meeting you here!
物主代词 + 动名词	Would you mind my coming with you?

要点：1) 介词后面的动词一律用 -ing；2) 否定用 not + 动名词：mind not going；3) 部分动词接不定式（want to、decide to），要分开记。

课文中的例句

[句 1] I crossed the street to avoid meeting him but he saw me and came running towards me. — avoid + 动名词；came running 现在分词表伴随
[句 2] It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. — It's no use + 动名词，"……是没用的"
[句 3] I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. — enjoy 只能接动名词
[句 5] No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. — 介词 on 后接动名词
[句 6] I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. — a way of doing；prevent sb. from doing
[句 11] 'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking. — mind + 物主代词 + 动名词；finish + 动名词

补充例句

Would you mind waiting in the waiting room? — 你介意在候诊室等一会儿吗？
I'm busy spending the morning at the dentist's. — 我上午忙着看牙医呢。
It's no use waving to him; he never sees anybody. — 冲他挥手没用，他谁也看不见。

易错点

❌ I enjoy to meet my friends. → ✅ I enjoy meeting my friends. — enjoy 后只能接动名词。
❌ He insists on come with me. → ✅ He insists on coming with me. — 介词后面的动词必须用 -ing 形式。
❌ Would you mind me to come with you? → ✅ Would you mind my coming with you? — mind 后接动名词，动作的执行者用物主代词。
❌ It's no use to pretend that you didn't see him. → ✅ It's no use pretending that you didn't see him. — It's no use 后接动名词。

逐句语法分析 · 14 句

1I crossed the street to avoid meeting him but he saw me and came running towards me.
我穿过马路以避免碰上他，但他还是看见了我，并朝我跑了过来。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + crossed + 宾语 + to avoid doing, but + 主语 + saw… and came running
- avoid + 动名词 meeting
- came running 现在分词表伴随
to avoid 表目的，avoid 后必须接动名词；came running 说明他跑着过来。
2It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
假装没看见他是没有用的，于是我向他招了招手。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 · It was no use + 动名词 + that 从句, so + 主句
- It's no use doing 做……没用
- had not seen 过去完成时，早于 pretending
It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 pretending…；从句用过去完成时表示更早的动作。
3I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我从来不喜欢碰见奈杰尔·戴克斯。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + never + enjoy + 动名词 + 宾语
- enjoy 后只接动名词
- never 表示一贯的态度
一般现在时表示一贯的感受；enjoy meeting 是动词 + 动名词的固定搭配。
4He never has anything to do.
他总是无事可做。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + never has + anything + to do
- never + 肯定动词 = 从来没有
- to do 不定式作后置定语修饰 anything
第三人称单数用 has；anything to do 意为"可做的事"。
5No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.
不管你有多忙，他总是坚持要跟着你。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · No matter how + 形容词 + 从句, 主语 + always insists on + 动名词
- no matter how 无论多么
- insist on + 动名词
No matter how busy 引导让步从句；介词 on 后必须用动名词 coming。
6I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
我得想个办法，不让他跟着我转一上午。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + had to think of + a way of + 动名词 + sb. from + 动名词
- a way of doing 做某事的方法
- prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事
一句话里有两个介词后的动名词：of preventing、from following。
7'Hello, Nigel,' I said 'Fancy meeting you here!'
“你好，奈杰尔，”我说，“真没想到在这儿碰上你！”
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 直接引语 + I said + 直接引语（Fancy + 动名词）
- Fancy doing! 表示惊讶的感叹
- 引语中动词用一般现在时
Fancy meeting you here 是口语固定说法，fancy 后接动名词。
8'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning--until I saw you.
“你好，伊丽莎白，”奈杰尔回答说，“我刚才正想着怎么打发这个上午呢——直到我看见了你。
一般过去时 + 过去进行时 · 主语 + was just wondering + how to do + until 时间从句
- was wondering 过去进行时
- how to spend 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语
过去进行时表示当时正在想；how to spend the morning 是宾语。
9You're not busy doing anything, are you?'
你不忙着干什么吧？”
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + are not busy + 动名词, 反意疑问句
- be busy doing 忙着做某事
- 前否定，反意疑问用肯定 are you
busy 后直接接动名词 doing；句尾反意疑问句与前面否定相反。
10'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'
“不，一点也不忙，”我回答说，“我打算去……”
一般过去时 + be going to · 直接引语 + I answered + 直接引语（I'm going to…）
- not at all 一点也不
- I'm going to… 话未说完
answered 是过去时；引语里的 I'm going to 表示打算，被打断了。
11'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.
“你介意我跟你一起去吗？”还没等我说完，他就问道。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 · Would you mind + my + 动名词? + he asked, before + 从句（had finished + 动名词）
- mind + 物主代词 + 动名词
- finish + 动名词 speaking
本课核心句型：mind 后接动名词，动作执行者用 my；finish 也接动名词。
12'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'
“一点也不介意，”我撒谎说，“不过我是要去看牙医。”
一般过去时 + 现在进行时表将来 · 直接引语 + I lied, but + I'm going to + 地点
- I lied 我撒了谎
- I'm going to the dentist 这里 going 是实义动词
注意 I'm going to the dentist 中 going 是"去"，不是 be going to 结构。
13'Then I'll come with you,' he answered.
“那我就跟你一起去，”他回答说。
一般将来时 (Simple Future) · Then + 主语 + will + 动词原形 + with you
- I'll come 当场做出的决定用 will
- Then 表示"那么"
will 表示说话时临时做出的决定；he answered 是引述动词。
14'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!'
“候诊室里总有很多东西可以看！”
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · There is + always + plenty + to read + 地点状语
- There's plenty to read 有很多东西可读
- to read 不定式作后置定语
there be 句型，plenty 后用不定式说明可以做什么；always 放在 is 之后。

练习 · 44 题

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1. I crossed the street to avoid ____ him.
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2. It was no use ____ that I had not seen him.
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3. I never enjoy ____ Nigel Dykes.
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4. No matter how busy you are, he always insists ____ with you.
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5. I had to think of a way of ____ him from following me.
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6. 'Would you mind ____ with you?' he asked.
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7. You're not busy ____ anything, are you?
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8. 'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy ____ you here!'
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9. He saw me and came ____ towards me.
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10. There's always plenty ____ in the waiting room!