语法

be going to 与 will (be going to vs will)

语法点：be going to 与 will (be going to vs will)

英语里谈将来主要有两种说法：be going to 和 will。be going to 强调"早有打算"或"有迹象表明要发生"；will 则用于说话时临时决定、对将来的预测或承诺。本课讲 11 岁的 Debbie 明天要横渡英吉利海峡：她的计划（游泳、出发时间）用 is going to，因为这是早就安排好的；而作者对明天情况的描述和预测（父亲会陪着、朋友们会等着、她不会吃固体食物）用 will，其中"明天此刻正在做"的动作还用了 will be doing（将来进行时）。

结构

形式	结构	例句
be going to 肯定	主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形	She is going to swim across the Channel.
be going to 否定	主语 + is not going to + 动词原形	She is not going to eat solid food.
be going to 疑问	Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？	Is she going to set out at five?
will 肯定	主语 + will + 动词原形	Her father will set out with her.
will 否定	主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形	She will not eat any solid food.
will 疑问	Will + 主语 + 动词原形？	Will she succeed?
将来进行时	主语 + will be + 动词-ing	He will be watching her anxiously.

be going to：事先的计划、打算；有迹象的预测。
will：预测、临时决定、承诺、安排好的将来事实。

课文中的例句

[句 1] Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. — 早已决定的计划，用 is going to
[句 2] She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. — 具体安排好的出发时间，用 is going to
[句 5] Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. — 作者陈述将来会发生的事，用 will
[句 7] Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. — 将来进行时 will be watching：明天她游泳时父亲"正在"看着；as 从句用一般现在时表将来
[句 9] She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. — will 的肯定与否定形式 will not
[句 10] Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. — 将来进行时，描述明天到时的情景

补充例句

I am going to train every day this month. 这个月我打算每天训练。
Look at the sky! It is going to rain. 看天！要下雨了。
Don't worry. I will help you. 别担心，我会帮你的。

易错点

❌ Debbie is going to swims across the Channel. → ✅ Debbie is going to swim across the Channel. be going to 后面接动词原形。
❌ She will going to set out at five o'clock. → ✅ She is going to set out at five o'clock. will 和 be going to 不能连用，二选一。
❌ He will be watching her as she will swim to England. → ✅ He will be watching her as she swims to England. 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，不用 will。
❌ She not will eat any solid food. → ✅ She will not eat any solid food. will 的否定是 will not / won't，not 放在 will 后面。

逐句语法分析 · 11 句

1Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡。
be going to 将来 (be going to Future) · 主语 + is going to + 动词原形 + across + 宾语 + 时间状语
- is going to swim 表示早有计划
- tomorrow 是将来时间状语
- swim across 表示"游过"
本课语法点的典型例句：横渡海峡是早已安排好的计划，用 be going to。
2She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
她打算早晨五点钟从法国海岸出发。
be going to 将来 (be going to Future) · 主语 + is going to + set out + from + 地点 + at + 时间
- set out 表示"出发"
- at five o'clock in the morning 是具体时间
- 确定的安排用 be going to
出发地点和时间都已确定，用 is going to 表示计划。
3Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.
黛比只有十一岁，她希望创造一项新的世界纪录。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + is + only + 年龄 + and + 主语 + hopes + to do
- hope to do 表示"希望做"
- set up a record 表示"创造纪录"
- only 强调年龄小
描述现在的事实和愿望，用一般现在时。
4She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.
她是一名游泳健将，许多人认为她一定会成功。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + is + 名词 + and + 主语 + feel + that 宾语从句
- be sure to do 表示"一定会"
- feel that 引导宾语从句
- many people 是复数，用 feel
陈述现状和人们的看法，用一般现在时；is sure to succeed 隐含对将来的预测。
5Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.
黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一起出发。
一般将来时 will (Future with will) · 主语 + will + set out + with + 宾语 + in + 方式
- will 表示将来会发生的事
- Debbie's 是名词所有格
- in a small boat 表示乘坐方式
作者陈述明天会发生的事情，用 will。
6Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years.
哈特先生训练他的女儿已经好几年了。
现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · 主语 + has trained + 宾语 + for + 时间段
- has trained 表示从过去持续到现在
- for years 是持续的时间段
训练从几年前持续到现在，用现在完成时。
7Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
明天，当她游过这段通往英格兰的漫长距离时，他将焦急地注视着她。
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) · 时间状语 + 主语 + will be watching + 宾语 + 副词 + as 时间状语从句（一般现在时）
- will be watching 表示明天某段时间正在进行
- as 从句用一般现在时 swims 表将来
- anxiously 是副词修饰 watching
将来进行时描述明天的场景；时间状语从句用现在时代替将来时。
8Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours.
黛比打算每两个小时稍作休息。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · 主语 + intends + to do + 频率状语
- intend to do 表示"打算做"，意思接近 be going to
- every two hours 表示"每两小时"
用 intends 表达打算，与 is going to 意思相近。
9She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.
她会喝点东西，但不会吃任何固体食物。
一般将来时 will (Future with will) · 主语 + will have + 宾语 + to drink + but + 主语 + will not eat + 宾语
- will 的肯定和否定 will not
- something to drink 中不定式作后置定语
- 否定句中用 any
will 与 will not 在一句中对比使用，注意否定句用 any。
10Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
黛比的大多数同学将在英格兰海岸等候她。
将来进行时 (Future Continuous) · Most of + 名词短语 + will be waiting for + 宾语 + 地点状语
- will be waiting 表示明天到时"正在等"
- Most of Debbie's school friends 作主语
将来进行时描绘她到达时朋友们正在等候的场景。
11Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
其中会有黛比的母亲，她小时候曾亲自横渡过英吉利海峡。
一般将来时 will + 一般过去时 (Future with will + Simple Past) · Among them + will be + 主语 + who 非限制性定语从句（一般过去时）
- Among them will be… 是倒装句，主语在后
- who 引导非限制性定语从句，前面有逗号
- swam 是 swim 的过去式，when 从句用过去时
倒装强调 among them；定语从句讲母亲过去的经历，用一般过去时。

练习 · 44 题

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总计 0/44

选择正确的表达
1. Debbie Hart ____ swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
选择正确的动词形式
2. She is going to ____ out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
选择正确的表达
3. Debbie's father ____ set out with her in a small boat.
选择正确的动词形式
4. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she ____ the long distance to England.
选择正确的否定形式
5. She will have something to drink but she ____ eat any solid food.
选择正确的动词形式
6. Most of Debbie's school friends will ____ for her on the English coast.
选择正确的表达
7. Look at the sky! It ____ rain, so Debbie may not swim tomorrow.
选择正确的动词形式
8. Mr. Hart ____ his daughter for years.
选择正确的词语
9. Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to ____ a new world record.
选择正确的动词形式
10. Among them will be Debbie's mother, who ____ the Channel herself when she was a girl.