语法

动词后接 -ing 与不定式 (Verb + -ing vs Verb + to)

语法点：动词后接 -ing 与不定式 (Verb + -ing vs Verb + to)

英语里一个动词后面再接另一个动词时，有的要用 -ing 形式（动名词），有的要用 to + 动词原形（不定式），这主要由前一个动词决定，需要记忆。常接 -ing 的有：give up, keep on, enjoy, finish, mind, stop, avoid；常接 to 的有：want, urge sb., decide, hope, try, make an effort。介词后面一律用 -ing（after reading, of giving up）。个别动词如 stop、remember 两种都能接但意思不同。本课作者戒烟又复吸，全文用了 give up smoking, kept on offering, urged me to accept 等结构。

结构

类型	结构	例子
动词 + -ing	give up / keep on / enjoy / finish + doing	give up smoking, kept on offering
动词 + to do	want / decide / hope / try + to do	decided to stop
动词 + sb. + to do	urge / ask / tell / want + sb. + to do	urged me to accept a cigarette
介词 + -ing	after / before / of / without + doing	after reading, someone giving up smoking
make + sb. + 动词原形	make sb. do（无 to）	made me laugh
stop 两种	stop doing（停止做）/ stop to do（停下来去做）	stop smoking / stop to smoke

课文中的例句

[句 1] After reading an article … I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. — 介词 after 后接 -ing；to calm 是不定式表目的
[句 4] I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking. — give up 后接 -ing；giving up 本身跟在介词 of 之后
[句 5] My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. — keep on + -ing 表示不断重复做
[句 6] They made no effort to hide their amusement … — make an effort + to do
[句 9] When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette … — urge sb. + to do
[句 12] … it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. — give up 后必须用 smoking，不能用 to smoke

补充例句

My wife urged me to give up smoking. — 我妻子劝我戒烟。
He kept on producing sweets from his pocket. — 他不停地从口袋里掏糖。
I decided to stop smoking after reading that article. — 读了那篇文章后我决定戒烟。

易错点

❌ I want to give up to smoke. → ✅ I want to give up smoking. — give up 后接 -ing，不接不定式。
❌ My friends kept on offer me cigarettes. → ✅ My friends kept on offering me cigarettes. — keep on 后必须用 -ing。
❌ Brian urged me accept a cigarette. → ✅ Brian urged me to accept a cigarette. — urge sb. 后要加 to do。
❌ After read the article, I lit a cigarette. → ✅ After reading the article, I lit a cigarette. — 介词后面用 -ing。

逐句语法分析 · 13 句

1After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.
读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章后，我点了一支烟来镇定神经。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · After + -ing …, 主语 + lit + 宾语 + to 不定式（目的）
- After reading：介词 after 后接 -ing
- entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' 是过去分词作后置定语
- to calm my nerves 是不定式表目的
介词后用动名词 reading，句尾不定式 to calm 说明点烟的目的。
2I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette.
我聚精会神、津津有味地抽着，因为我确信这将是我的最后一支烟。
一般过去时 + 过去将来时 (Simple Past + Future in the Past) · 主语 + smoked + with + 名词 + as 从句 (was sure that … would be …)
- with concentration and pleasure = 专注而愉快地
- as = 因为
- would be 是过去将来时，表示当时认为将来的事
as 引导原因从句，that 从句里用 would 表示从过去看的将来。
3For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time my wife suffered terribly.
整整一个星期我一口烟都没抽，而在这段时间里，我妻子受尽了苦。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · For + 时间段 + 主语 + did not + 动词 + and + 主语 + 动词过去式
- did not smoke at all：at all 加强否定
- For a whole week 表示持续的时间段
- suffered terribly：副词修饰动词
一般过去时否定式，at all 强调"一根都没抽"。
4I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite.
我有戒烟者所有常见的症状：脾气暴躁，食欲大增。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + had + 宾语 + of + someone + -ing 分词短语
- giving up smoking 是现在分词短语修饰 someone
- give up + -ing
- 冒号后列出具体的 symptoms
giving up smoking 作后置定语；give up 后接动名词 smoking。
5My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars.
我的朋友们不断地递给我香烟和雪茄。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + kept on + -ing + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
- keep on + -ing 表示不停地做
- offer sb. sth. 双宾语结构
keep on 后必须接动名词 offering，是本课语法重点。
6They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.
每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰自己的乐趣。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + made no effort + to 不定式 + whenever 从句
- make an effort to do 后接不定式
- whenever = 每当
- produce … from = 从…掏出
make no effort 后接不定式 to hide，与 keep on doing 形成对比。
7After seven days of this I went to a party.
这样过了七天之后，我去参加了一个聚会。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · After + 时间 + 主语 + went to + 地点
- After seven days of this：this 指前面的戒烟经历
- went 是 go 的过去式
简单的过去时叙述句，after 短语作时间状语。
8Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable.
我周围的每个人都在抽烟，我感到极不自在。
过去进行时 + 一般过去时 (Past Continuous + Simple Past) · 主语 + was + -ing + and + 主语 + felt + 副词 + 形容词
- was smoking 是过去进行时，描述当时的场景
- Everybody 是单数，用 was
- felt + 形容词 uncomfortable，不用副词
过去进行时描绘背景，felt 后接形容词作表语。
9When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
当我的老朋友布赖恩劝我接受一支烟时，这真让我无法忍受了。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · When 从句 (urged + sb. + to do), + it was more than + 主语 + could + 动词
- urge sb. to do sth.：后接不定式
- more than I could bear = 超过我能忍受的程度
urged me to accept 是动词 + 宾语 + 不定式结构，本课重点。
10I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction.
我内疚地接过一支，点着，心满意足地抽了起来。
一般过去时 (Simple Past) · 主语 + took / lit / smoked（三个并列谓语）
- took, lit, smoked 三个过去式并列
- one 代替 a cigarette
- guiltily 是副词修饰 took
三个并列动作按顺序发生，用逗号和 and 连接。
11My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more.
我妻子很高兴，一切又恢复了正常。
一般过去时 + 过去完成时 (Simple Past + Past Perfect) · 主语 + was delighted that + 主语 + had returned to + 名词
- be delighted that 后接从句
- had returned 是过去完成时，表示在她高兴之前已经恢复
- return to normal = 恢复正常
从句用过去完成时，因为恢复正常发生在她感到高兴之前。
12Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.
不管怎样，正如布赖恩所指出的，戒烟是世界上最容易的事。
一般现在时 (Simple Present) · as 插入语, it is + 最高级 + to 不定式（真正主语）
- it 是形式主语，真正主语是 to give up smoking
- give up + -ing
- as Brian pointed out 是插入语
形式主语 it 句型，不定式里 give up 后接动名词 smoking。
13He himself has done it lots of times!
他自己就戒过好多次了！
现在完成时 (Present Perfect) · 主语 + himself + has done + it + lots of times
- himself 是反身代词，强调主语
- has done 是现在完成时，lots of times 表示到现在为止的次数
- it 指 giving up smoking
现在完成时表示到目前为止做过很多次；himself 起强调作用。

练习 · 44 题

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选择正确的动词形式
1. As Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up ____.
选择正确的动词形式
2. My friends kept on ____ me cigarettes and cigars.
选择正确的动词形式
3. When my old friend Brian urged me ____ a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
选择正确的动词形式
4. After ____ an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette.
选择正确的动词形式
5. They made no effort ____ their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets.
选择正确的动词形式
6. I had all the usual symptoms of someone ____ up smoking.
选择正确的动词形式
7. I lit a cigarette ____ my nerves.
选择正确的一项
8. My wife was delighted that things ____ to normal once more.
选择正确的一项
9. He himself ____ it lots of times!
选择正确的一项
10. For a whole week I did not smoke ____ and during this time my wife suffered terribly.